Elektriese lading: Verskil tussen weergawes

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In [[1600]] het die Engelse wetenskaplike [[William Gilbert]] teruggekeer na die onderwerp in ''De Magnete'', en het die [[Nieu-Latyn]] woord ''electricus'' geskep van ''ηλεκτρον'' , die Griekse woord vir "amber", wat gelei het tot die Engelse woorde "electric" en "electricity". Hy is in [[1660]] deur [[Otto von Guericke]] gevolg, wat, moontlik die eerste, [[Electrostatika|elektrostatiese]] generator uitgevind het. Ander Europese pioniers was [[Robert Boyle]], wat in [[1675]] verklaar het dat elektriese aantrekking en afstoting oor 'n vakuum uitgeoefen kan word; [[Stephen Gray]], wat in [[1729]] materiale as [[Geleier|geleiers]] en [[Isolator|isolators]] geklassifiseer het; en [[C.F. du Fay]], wat in [[1733]] [http://www.sparkmuseum.com/BOOK_DUFAY.HTM] voorgestel het dat elektrisiteit in twee tipes voorkom wat mekaar uitkanselleer, en het dit uitgedruk in terme van 'n twee-vloeistof teorie. Wanneer glas met sy gevryf is , het du Fay gesê dat die glas met ''vitreous'' elektrisiteit gelaai is, en wanneer amber met pels gevryf was, dat die amber gelaai is met ''resinous'' elektrisiteit. In [[1839]] het Michael Faraday gewys dat die skynbare skeiding tussen statiese elektrisiteit, stroom elektrisiteit en bioelektrisiteit verkeerd was, en dat almal die gevolg was van die optrede van 'n enkele tipe elektrisiteit wat in teenoorgestelde polariteite te voorskyn kom. Dit is arbitrêr watter polariteit positief genoem word. Positiewe lading kan gedefinieer word as die oorblywende lading op 'n glas staaf nadat dit met sy gevryf is. <ref>Electromagnetic Fields (2nd Edition), Roald K. Wangsness, Wiley, 1986. ISBN 0-471-81186-6 (intermediêre vlak handboek)</ref>
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OneEen ofvan thedie foremostvernaamste expertskenners onvan electricityelektrisiteit in thedie [[18th18de centuryeeu]] was [[Benjamin Franklin]], whowat arguedgeredeneer inhet favourten ofgunste avan one-fluid'n theoryvloeistof ofteorie electricityvan elektrisiteit. Franklin imaginedhet electricityelektrisiteit asvoorgestel beingas a'n typesoort ofvan invisibleonsigbare fluidvloeistof presentteenwoordig in allalle mattermaterie; for example he believed that it was the [[glass]] in a [[Leyden jar]] that held the accumulated charge. He posited that rubbing insulating surfaces together caused this fluid to change location, and that a flow of this fluid constitutes an electric current. He also posited that when matter contained too little of the fluid it was "negatively" charged, and when it had an excess it was "positively" charged. Arbitrarily (or for a reason that was not recorded) he identified the term "positive" with vitreous electricity and "negative" with resinous electricity. [[William Watson (scientist)|William Watson]] arrived at the same explanation at about the same time.
 
We now know that the Franklin/Watson model was fundamentally correct. There is only one kind of electrical charge, and only one variable is required to keep track of the amount of charge.<ref name="one-kind">One Kind of Charge [http://www.av8n.com/physics/one-kind-of-charge.htm]</ref> On the other hand, just knowing the charge is not a complete description of the situation. Matter is composed of several kinds of electrically charged particles, and these particles have many properties, not just charge.