Dissosiatiewe steuring: Verskil tussen weergawes

'''Dissosiatiewe steuring''' of '''dissosiatiewe-identiteitsteuring''' (DIS), voorheen bekend as "'''gesplete persoonlikheid'''",<ref name = ICD10>{{cite web | url = http://www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/GRNBOOK.pdf | format = PDF | publisher = [[Wêreldgesondheidsorganisasie]] | title = The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders }}</ref> is ’n [[geestesteuring]] in die dissosiatiewe spektrum wat gekenmerk word deur minstens twee onderskeibare en relatief blywende identiteite of dissosiatiewe persoonlikheidstoestande wat ’n persoon se gedrag om die beurt beheer, en wat saamval met ’n verlies aan geheue wat belangrike inligting betref en nie aan die hand van gewone vergeetagtigheid verklaar kan word nie. Die simptome word nie veroorsaak deur middelmisbruik, toevalle of ander mediese toestande nie.<ref name = dsm>{{cite book | last = American Psychiatric Association | authorlink = American Psychiatric Association | title = Diagnostiese en Statistiese Handleiding van Geestesteurings | pages = [http://books.google.ca/books?id=3SQrtpnHb9MC&pg=PA526&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false 526–529] | date = Junie 2000 | publisher = American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc. | location = Arlington, VA, VSA | isbn = 978-0-89042-024-9 | doi = 10.1176/appi.books.9780890423349 }}</ref> Diagnose is dikwels moeilik omdat dit met ander geestesteurings gepaardgaan. ▼

Dit is een van die mees omstrede geestestoestande omdat daar geen duidelike konsensus bestaan oor die diagnose of behandeling nie.<ref name=Reinders>{{cite journal |author=Reinders AA |title=Cross-examining dissociative identity disorder: Neuroimaging and etiology on trial |journal=Neurocase |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=44–53 |year=2008 |pmid=18569730 |doi=10.1080/13554790801992768}}</ref> Daar is ook geen sistematiese definisie nie.<ref name=Hersen>{{cite book |editors=Hersen M; Beidel DC |last=Lynn |first=SJ |coauthors=Berg J; Lilienfeld SO; Merckelbach H; Giesbrecht T; Accardi M; Cleere C |year=2012 |title=Adult Psychopathology and Diagnosis |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=1-118-13882-1 |chapter=14 - Dissociative disorders |pages=[http://books.google.ca/books?id=FeDHhTVZ5yMC&pg=PA497 497–538]}}</ref><ref name=Lynn2012>{{cite journal |last1=Lynn |first1=S. J. |last2=Lilienfeld |first2=S.O. |last3=Merckelbach |first3=H. |last4=Giesbrecht |first4=T. |last5=Van der Kloet |first5=D. |title=Dissociation and Dissociative Disorders: Challenging Conventional Wisdom |journal=Current Directions in Psychological Science |volume=21 |pages=48–53 |year=2012 |doi=10.1177/0963721411429457}}</ref> Dit lyk of simptome mettertyd verskil.<ref name = APATextbook>{{cite book | last = Maldonado | first = J.R. |author2=Spiegel D. | editors = Hales R.E.; Yudofsky S.C.; Gabbard G.O. | title = The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of psychiatry | year = 2008 | publisher = American Psychiatric Association | location = Washington, DC | isbn = 978-1-58562-257-3 | pages = [http://books.google.ca/books?id=2RzFWRIAsPAC&pg=PA665 681–710] | edition = 5de | chapter = Dissociative disorders&nbsp;— Dissociative identity disorder (Multiple personality disorder) }}</ref> Dit kom drie tot nege keer meer dikwels voor by vroue as by mans.<ref name=Sadocksynopsis>{{cite book | last = Sadock | first = BJ |author2=Sadock VA | title = Kaplan & Sadock's synopsis of psychiatry: behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry | year = 2007 | publisher = Lippincott Williams & Wilkins | location = Philadelphia | isbn = 978-0-7817-7327-0 | pages = 671–6 | chapter = Dissociative disorders&nbsp;— Dissociative identity disorder | url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=u-ohbTtxCeYC&pg=PA671 | edition = 10de}}</ref><ref name = Hersen/><ref name="Paris J. 1996">{{cite journal |author=Paris J |title= Review-Essay : Dissociative Symptoms, Dissociative Disorders, and Cultural Psychiatry |journal= Transcult Psychiatry |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=55–68|year=1996|doi=10.1177/136346159603300104}}</ref> Die voorkoms van DIS het in die laaste helfte van die 20ste eeu aansienlik toegeneem, so ook die getal "persoonlikhede" waarop pasiënte aanspraak maak (van ’n gemiddelde van twee of drie tot sestien).<ref name = Hersen/> ▼

Dissosiatiewe steurings soos DIS word toegeskryf aan onderbrekings in die geheue wat veroorsaak word deur psigologiese trauma en ander vorme van stres, maar navorsing oor hierdie hipotese word gekenmerk deur swak metodologie. Tot dusver was wetenskaplike studies, wat gewoonlik op geheue fokus, min en die resultate onbepalend.<ref name= Howell>{{cite book | last = Howell | first = E | year = 2010 | isbn = 1-85575-657-9 | publisher = Karnac Books | title = Knowing, not-knowing and sort-of-knowing: psychoanalysis and the experience of uncertainty | editors = Petrucelli E | chapter = Dissociation and dissociative disorders: commentary and context | pages = [http://books.google.ca/books?hl=en&lr=&id=HRqjEBQJ6uYC&pg=PA83#v=onepage&q&f=false 83–98] }}</ref> ▼

DIS het in die 1970's, '80's en '90's ’n gewilde diagnose geword, maar dit is onduidelik of die voorkoms van die steuring toegeneem het, of sielkundiges dit makliker herken en of sosiokulturele faktore vir die toename verantwoordelik was. Die toename in die getal diagnoses ná 1980, wat deur ’n klein getal sielkundiges gemaak is, en die beïnvloedbaarheid wat kenmerkend van mense met DIS is, ondersteun die hipotese dat pasiënte deur terapeute wysgemaak word dat hulle DIS het.<ref name="pmid15560314">{{cite journal | author = Piper A., Merskey H. | title = The persistence of folly: Critical examination of dissociative identity disorder. Part II. The defence and decline of multiple personality or dissociativ identity disorder | journal = Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie | volume = 49 | issue = 10 | pages = 678–683 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15560314 | url = http://ww1.cpa-apc.org:8080/Publications/Archives/CJP/2004/october/piper.pdf | format = pdf }}</ref> ▼

==Verwysings==▼