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Vlag van die Volksrepubliek China: Verskil tussen weergawes

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Lyn 53:
Zeng Liansong het ten tyde van die kennisgewing in Shanghai gewerk; hy wou ’n vlagontwerp skep wat sy patriotiese entoesiasme vir sy nuwe land uitdruk. In Julie het hy tuis met talle ontwerpe vorendag gekom. Sy inspirasie vir die huidige ontwerp kom van die sterre wat die naglug verhelder. Hy het aan die Sjinese spreekwoord “verlang na die sterre, verlang na die maan” gedink ({{zh}} 盼星星盼月亮, ''pàn xīngxīng pàn yuèliàng'') wat op hunkering dui. Hy het later besef dat die KPS die groot verlosser ({{zh}} 大救星, ''dà jiùxīng'') van die Sjinese volk was en dat dit deur ’n groter ster verteenwoordig moes word. Die idee van vier kleiner sterre het gekom uit ’n toespraak van Mao – Oor die Volk se Demokratiese Diktatorskap – waarin hy die Sjinese in vier sosiale klasse gedefinieer het. Geel impliseer ook dat Sjina aan die Sjinese, ’n “geel ras” behoort.<ref name="kong"/> Nadat hy die besonderhede van die plasing van die sterre en hul groottes uitgewerk het (hy het aanvanklik gedink om dit in die middel van die vlag te plaas maar het geglo dat dit te saai sou wees), het hy sy ontwerp “Vyf Sterre op ’n Baan in Rooi” ({{zh}} 紅地五星旗, ''hóng dì wǔxīng qí'') in Augustus aan die komitee gestuur.<ref name="CPC news" /><ref name="kong"/>
 
Op 20 Augustus 1949 is naastenby 3&nbsp;000<ref name="govprcflag">{{zh}} {{cite web |url=http://www.gov.cn/test/2005-05/24/content_18247.htm |title=Nasionale Vlag van die Volksrepubliek van Sjina |publisher=Gov.cn |date=24 Mei 2005 |accessdate=8 November 2009 }}</ref> ontwerpe aan die komitee gestuur,<ref>{{zh}} {{cite book |chapterurl=http://cpc.people.com.cn/GB/64162/82819/121799/121806/7185220.html |chapter=2, Werk van die Voorbereidingskomitee van die Nuwe Politieke Raadgewende Konferensie (4) |title=1948－2008, Laat die geskiedenis die toekoms uitlê – die KPS Sentrale Komitee se “51-slagspreuk” 60ste herdenking |url=http://cpc.people.com.cn/GB/64162/82819/121799/index.html |publisher=China Publishing House |editor1-first=Weiqun |editor1-last=Zhu |isbn=978-7-5075-2294-5 |year=2008 }}</ref> met bydraes van komiteelede soos Guo Moruo en Tan Kah Kee.<ref>{{zh}} {{cite news |url=http://dangshi.people.com.cn/GB/85040/9850276.html |title=Die volk se aktiewe deelname van tot 2992 kandidate aan die vlagontwerp binne 1 maand |author=Chen, Yu |publisher=CPC News |date=13 Augustus 2009 |accessdate=5 November 2009 }}</ref> Van 16 tot 20 Augustus is ontwerpe in die Beijing Hotel deurgekyk en tot 38 verminder.<ref name="CPC news" /><ref name="gov news" /> Hierdie ontwerpe is vervat in ’n boek getiteld ''’n Verwysing na Nasionale Vlagontwerpe'' ({{zh}} 國旗圖案參考資料). Hierdie boek is na die nuutgestigte Politieke KonsultasiekonferensieRaadplegende Konferensie van die Sjinese Volk (PRKSV) gestuur vir verdere bespreking. Zeng se ontwerp is egter nie ingesluit nie tot dit weer deur Tian Han genomineer is.<ref name="国旗是怎样诞生的">{{zh}} {{cite news |url=http://www.gmw.cn/01wzb/1999-07/22/GB/wzb%5E1664%5E6%5EWZ3-2210.htm |title=Hoe is die Nasionale Vlag geskep? |publisher=Digest News |date=22 Julie 1999 |accessdate=6 November 2009 |author=Bai Zhi }}</ref>
 
Op die oggend van 23 September het die verteenwoordigers van die PRKSV die nasionale vlag bespreek maar kon nie ’n besluit neem nie. Sommige het nie van Zeng se simboliek vir die vier kleiner sterre gehou nie en gesê dit behoort nie die bourgeoisie in te sluit nie. Mao se voorkeurontwerp het ’n groot goue ster in die skildhoek gehad met ’n goue horisontale staaf in die onderste helfte. Zhang Zhizhong het die ontwerp teengestaan omdat die goue staan die skeur in die rewolusie en die land gesimboliseer het.<ref>{{zh}} {{cite news |url=http://dangshi.people.com.cn/GB/8798903.html |title=Zhang Zhizhong en die geboorte van die Vyfster Rooivlag |date=13 Februarie 2009 |accessdate=5 November 2009 |author=Tian Shuhe |publisher=CPC News }}</ref> Pen Guanghan het in die nag Zeng se ontwerp by Zhou Enlai aanbeveel en Zhou het gevra dat ’n groter afskrif van die ontwerp gemaak word. Tan Kah Kee het Mao en Zhou geadviseer dat die magskenmerke belangriker is as Sjinese geografiese kenmerke, daarom was dit onnodig om aan te dring op die goue staaf wat die [[Geelrivier]] voorgestel het. Twee dae later het Mao ’n vergadering in sy kantoor gehad rakende die vlag. Hy het almal oorreed om Zeng se ontwerp, met ’n paar wysigings, te aanvaar.<ref>{{zh}} {{cite journal |title=Witnesses to the Birth of the National Flag |author=Peng Guanghan |journal=At Home and Overseas |publisher=The All-China Federation of returned overseas Chinese and overseas Chinese |location=Beijing |issn=1002-3801 |date=Maart 2003 }}</ref> Volgens ’n vroeëre bespreking in die Beijing Hotel is die [[hamer en sekel]] van Zeng se oorspronklike ontwerp geskrap aangesien dit soortgelyk aan die [[vlag van die Sowjetunie]] was.<ref name="国旗是怎样诞生的"/> Op 27 September 1949 is Zeng se ontwerp aangepas en eenparig deur die Eerste Volledige Sitting van die PRKSV gekies, terwyl die naam na “Vyfster Rooivlag” verander is.<ref name="CPC news" /><ref>{{zh}} {{cite news |url=http://dangshi.people.com.cn/GB/85039/10163392.html |title=Peng Han: the tortuous process of the flag's birth |author=Wang Jianzhu |date=9 Oktober 2009 |publisher=CPC News |accessdate=5 November 2009 }}</ref>
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In the morning of September 23, the representatives of the CPPCC discussed the national flags, but came to no conclusion. Some disliked the symbolism which Zeng attached to the four smaller stars, and said it should not include the bourgeoisie. The design Mao and others liked had a giant golden star in the corner on a red flag that was charged with a golden horizontal bar. But this design was strongly opposed by [[Zhang Zhizhong]] due to the golden bar symbolizing the tearing apart of the revolution and the country.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://dangshi.people.com.cn/GB/8798903.html|title=Zhang Zhizhong and the Birth of the 5 Star Red Flag|date=2009-02-13|accessdate=2009-11-05|author=Tian Shuhe|publisher=CPC News|language=Chinese}}</ref> In the night, Peng Guanghan ({{lang|zh|彭光涵}}) recommended Zeng's design to [[Zhou Enlai]], Zhou was satisfied with it and asked for a larger copy of the design to be made. Tan Kah Kee also gave his advice to Mao and Zhou that the power characteristics are more important than Chinese geography characteristics, so there was no need to insist on the golden bar which stands for the [[Yellow River]]. Two days later, Mao had a meeting in his office about the flag. He persuaded everyone to adopt Zeng's design, with some slight modifications.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Witnesses to the Birth of the National Flag|author=Peng Guanghan|journal=At Home and Overseas|publisher=The All-China Federation of returned overseas Chinese and overseas Chinese|location=Beijing|issn=1002-3801|date=March 2003|language=Chinese}}</ref> According to earlier discussions at the Beijing Hotel, the [[hammer and sickle]] from Zeng's original design was removed since it was similar to the [[Flag of the Soviet Union]].<ref name="国旗是怎样诞生的"/> On September 27, 1949, Zeng's modified design was selected unanimously by the First Plenary Session of CPPCC, which changed the flag's name to "Five-star Red Flag".<ref name="CPC news" /><ref>{{cite news|url=http://dangshi.people.com.cn/GB/85039/10163392.html|title=Peng Han: the tortuous process of the flag's birth|author=Wang Jianzhu|date=2009-10-09|publisher=CPC News|accessdate=2009-11-05|language=Chinese}}</ref>
 
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[[Lêer:The first flag of China.jpg|thumbnail|[[Mao Zedong]] pressed the button and raised the flag of China in the first time in the announcement of the founding of the People’s Republic of China at [[Tiananmen Square]] on October 1, 1949]]
On September 29, the new flag was published in the [[People's Daily]], so the design could be copied by other local authorities.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=People's Daily|url=http://images.china.cn/attachement/jpg/site1000/20090929/000802ab801d0c2c17a32d.jpg|language=Chinese|format=Image|date=1949-09-29|volume=466|page=1|accessdate=2009-11-06 }}</ref> The flag was officially unveiled in Beijing’s [[Tiananmen Square]] on October 1, 1949, the formal announcement of the founding of the [[People’s Republic of China]]. The first flag flown over Tiananmen Square was sewn together by Zhao Wenrei ({{lang|zh|赵文瑞}}), a seamstress who finished the task around 1 pm on September 30.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://2008.qq.com/a/20080807/000443.htm|title=The first one who stitched the flag of The People's Republic of China – Zhao Wenrui|date=2008-08-07|accessdate=2009-11-06|publisher=QQ.com|language=Chinese}}</ref> Zeng had a hard time believing that his design was picked, due to the missing hammer and sickle from the giant star. However, he was officially congratulated by the General Office of the People's Government as the designer of the flag and received 5 million yuan for his work.<ref name="kong">{{cite web|url=http://www.cbw.com/btm/issue71/62-63.html |title=The Worker Who Forged the Red Flag |accessdate=2009-11-03 |last=Kong |first=Mark |date=1999-10-01 |work=Beijing This Month |publisher=Chinese Business World |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211184343/http://www.cbw.com/btm/issue71/62-63.html |archivedate=February 11, 2009 }}</ref><ref name="Hantailun">{{cite book|title=Witnessed the Tiananmen Square|volume=3|author=Han Tailun|isbn=978-7-224-05364-7|location=Xi'an|publisher=Shaanxi People's Publishing House|year=2000|page=2066|language=Chinese}}</ref>
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