Lucera: Verskil tussen weergawes

Content deleted Content added
Jcwf (besprekings | bydraes)
Jcwf (besprekings | bydraes)
Lyn 78:
Die Romeinse leër het in 321 v.C. gedink dat die stad deur die [[Samniete]] beleër word. Hulle het die bewoners wil help, maar het self in 'n hinderlaag geloop en is in die [[Slag van die Koudynse Passe]] verslaan. Dei Samniete het daarná Lucera beset, maar hulle is na 'n opstand verdryf. In 320 v.C. het die stad tog die beskerming van die Romeinse gesoek en die Senaat het dit die status van 'n ''Colonia Togate'' gegee. Dit beteken dat hulle deur die Senaat bestuur is. Die bande met Rome is verder versterk deur 2 500 Romeinse koloniste wat na die stad gestuur is. Seert hierdie tyd is Lucera altyd 'n troue bondgenoot van Rome.
 
====BurgeroorlogBurgeroorloë====
[[Pompeius]] het in Lucera sy hoofkwartier gevestig in die tyd van die burgeroorlog met [[Julius Caesar]]. Die stad het skielik die wnnende party verwelkom en Caesar het dis gespaar. In die volgende burgeroorlog tussen [[Augustus Octavianus|Octavianus]] en [[Marcus Antonius]] is die stad verwoes en Octavianus het later baie van sy veterane op die ruïnes gevestig. Daarmee het 'n nuwe bloeityd begin. Daar is talle oorblyfsels uit die keisertyd, soos die amfiteater.
<!--
During the civil wars of the late Republic, [[Pompey]] set up his headquarters in Lucera, but abandoned the city when [[Julius Caesar]] approached. Lucera quickly switched its allegiance and Caesar's clemency spared it from harm. In the next civil war between [[Octavian]] and [[Mark Antony|Mark Anthony]] the city did not escape as lightly. After the war, Octavian settled many veteran soldiers on the lands of the ruined city. This helped Lucera recover quickly and marked an era of renewed prosperity. Many of the surviving Roman landmarks hail from this Augustan period, among them the Luceran amphitheatre.
 
===Vroeë middeleeue===
With the fall of the Western Roman Empire the city of Lucera entered into a state of decline. In 663 AD, it was captured from the [[Lombards]] and destroyed by the Eastern Roman Emperor [[Constans II]].
Die val van die Wes-Romeinse Ryk beteken 'n tyd van neergang. Dit het 'n [[Lombarde|Lombardiese]] stad geword en in 663 het die Bisantynse keiser dit vernietig. Later het dit opnuut 'n twisappel geword. In [[802]] het die Lombardiese [[hertogdom Benevento|hertog Grimoald III]] die op die Frankiese hertog van Spoleto verower.
 
=== Islamic periodIslamitiese tyd===
[[Lêer:The Duomo of Lucera.jpg|links|duimnael|Die katedraal van Lucera het 'n moskee geword en later opnuut 'n kerk]]
{{Further|Muslim settlement of Lucera}}
[[File:The Duomo of Lucera.jpg|left|thumb|[[Lucera Cathedral]] was converted into a [[mosque]] during the brief [[Muslim settlement of Lucera]].]]
In 1224, [[Holy Roman Emperor]] [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]], responding to religious uprisings in [[Sicily]], expelled all Muslims from the island, transferring many to Lucera (''Lugêrah'', as it was known in Arabic) over the next two decades. In this controlled environment, they could not challenge royal authority and they benefited the crown in taxes and military service. Their numbers eventually reached between 15,000 and 20,000, leading Lucera to be called ''Lucaera Saracenorum'' because it represented the last stronghold of Islamic presence in Italy. During peacetime, Muslims in Lucera were predominantly farmers. They grew [[durum]] wheat, [[barley]], [[legume]]s, grapes and other fruits. Muslims also kept bees for [[honey]].<ref>Taylor, p.99</ref>
 
TheIn colony1224 thrivedhet forkeiser 75Frederik yearsII until'n iteinde wasgemaak sackedaan die opstand van die moslems van [[Sisilië]]. Baie van hulle het na Noord-Afrika gevlug, maar van hulle is verplaas na Lucera met die belofte dat hulle hie in 1300vrede byhul Christiangeloor forceskan underbely. theTussen commandvyftien- oftot [[Charlestwintigduisend IIvan hulle het in hierdie stad ''Lugêrah'' soos dit in Arabies genoem word of Naples]]''Lucaera Saracenorum'' soos dit in Latyn heet, gewoon. TheHulle majoritywas hoofsaaklik boere en het grane soos gers verbou of thedruiwe city'sof Muslimander inhabitantsvrugte. wereDie slaughteredkolonie orhet 75 asjaar happenedbestaan, tomaar almostin 101300 het die troepe van Karel II van Napels dit verower en geplunder. Van die moslims het na Albanië gevlug,000 maar talle is dood of themamper 10&nbsp;000 soldvan intohulle slavery,as slawe verkoop.<ref>Julie Taylor. [http://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20100819071240/http://www.umd.umich.edu/univ/ur/press_releases/nov03/taylorbook_pr.html Muslims in Medieval Italy: The Colony at Lucera]. Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books. 2003. {{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> or exiled, with many finding asylum in [[Albania]] across the [[Adriatic Sea]].<ref>Ataullah Bogdan Kopanski. [http://www.iiu.edu.my/deed/quran/albanian/Albchapt.htm Islamization of Shqeptaret: The clas of Religions in Medieval Albania.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091125004644/http://www.iiu.edu.my/deed/quran/albanian/Albchapt.htm |date=2009-11-25 }}</ref> TheirDie abandonedmoskeeë mosquesis werevernietig demolished,en andlater churchesis weredaar usuallykerke builtop inhulle theirplek placegebou. Van die moslims wat christene geword het, includinghet thehulle cathedralbesit ofteruggekry, S.maar Marianie dellahulle Vittoriaposisie in die stad nie.<ref>Taylor, pIn 1339 het die stad 'n hongersnood geken.187</ref>
 
[[FileLêer:Lucera0001.jpg|thumbduimnael|250px|[[Hohenstaufen]] castle-kasteel.]]
After the Muslims were removed from Lucera, Charles tried to settle Christians in the city. Those Muslims that converted to Christianity got part of their property back, but none was restored his former position of political or economic influence. As time progressed, grain production fell in the city, and in 1339 the city was hit by a famine. Christians were allowed to farm as the Muslims.<ref>Taylor, pp. 190-194</ref>
[[FileLêer:Amphitheatre of Lucera.jpg|thumbduimnael|250px|AmphitheatreAmfiteater ofvan Lucera.]]
 
[[File:Lucera0001.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Hohenstaufen]] castle.]]
[[File:Amphitheatre of Lucera.jpg|thumb|250px|Amphitheatre of Lucera.]]
 
<!--
==Main sights==
Sights in Lucera include: