Vaishnavisme: Verskil tussen weergawes

'''Vaishnavisme''' (van [[Sanskrit]] वैष्णव Vaiṣṇava, "wat tot Vishnu behoort") is een van die vier groot tradisies in [[Hindoeïsme]]; die ander is [[Shaivisme]], [[Shaktisme]] en [[Smartisme]]. Dit word ook '''Vishnuïsme''' of '''Wisjnoeïsme''' genoem, en die volgelinge daarvan Vishnuïste of Wisjnoeïste; hulle beskou [[Vishnu]] as die oppergod.<ref>{{cite book|author=Pratapaditya Pal|title=Indian Sculpture: Circa 500 B.C.-A.D. 700|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=clUmKaWRFTkC |year=1986|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-05991-7|pages=24–25}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Stephan Schuhmacher |title=The Encyclopedia of Eastern Philosophy and Religion: Buddhism, Hinduism, Taoism, Zen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vpP8770qVakC |date=1994 |publisher=Shambhala |isbn=978-0-87773-980-7 |page=397 }}</ref>

 

Die tradisie is veral bekend vir sy [[avatar]]leerstelling, waarin Vishnu in een van baie inkarnasies vereer word. Van hulle is 10 (die [[Avatar#Die 10 avatars|''Dashavatara'']]) die gewildstes en belangrikstes: Krishna, Rama, Narayana, Vasudeva, Hari, Vithoba, Kesava, Madhava, Govinda en Jagannath.{{Sfn|Matchett|2001|pp=3-9}}{{Sfn|Anna King|2005|pages=32–33}}{{sfn|Avinash Patra|2011|pp=12–16, 25}} Die tradisie kan teruggespoor word na die 1ste millennium n.C. as Bhagavatisme, of Krishnaïsme.<ref name = gita>{{cite book |author=G. Widengren |title=Historia Religionum: Handbook for the History of Religions - Religions of the Present |publisher=Brill Academic Publishers |location=Boston |year=1997 |pages=270 |isbn=90-04-02598-7 |oclc= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3rrQY1tzLQUC&pg=PA270 |accessdate=}}</ref> Latere ontwikkelings onder leiding van die heilige [[Ramananda]] het gelei tot ’n Rama-georiënteerde beweging, wat nou die grootste [[klooster]]groep in [[Asië]] is.<ref name=selva>Selva Raj en William Harman (2007), ''Dealing with Deities: The Ritual Vow in South Asia'', State University of New York Press, ISBN 978-0791467084, ble. 165-166</ref><ref name=lochtefeldramanandi>James G Lochtefeld (2002), ''The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: N-Z'', Rosen Publishing, ISBN 978-0823931804, ble. 553-554</ref> Die Vaishnava-tradisie het baie ''sampradayas'' (denominasies of subskole) wat wissel van die [[Middeleeuse]] [[Dvaita-skool]] van Madhvacharya tot die [[Sri Vaishnava Sampradaya|Vishishtadvaita-skool]] van Ramanuja.{{sfn|Beck|2012|pp=76-77}}{{Sfn|Jeaneane D. Fowler|2002|pages=288-304, 340–350}} Nuwe bewegings is ook in die moderne tyd gestig, soos die [[Hare Krisjna]]s van Prabhupada.{{Sfn|Flood|1996|pp=124-125}}

 

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* {{cite book|last=Matchett|first=Freda|title=Krishna, Lord or Avatara?: the relationship between Krishna and Vishnu| isbn =978-0700712816 |year=2001| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1oqTYiPeAxMC | publisher=Routledge | ref=harv}}

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* [https://www.britannica.com/topic/Vaishnavism ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', "Vaishnavism"]

* [http://www.vaishnavism.info/ Vaishnavisme]