Asteroïde: Verskil tussen weergawes

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Uitgebrei, besig
Uitgebrei, besig
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[[LêerBeeld:(253)PIA21597 mathildefig1.jpggif|duimnaelright|250pxthumb|253’n MathildeRadarbeeld isvan 'ndie asteroïde met2014 JO25 ’ntydens deursneesy vanverbyvlug sowatin 50 km2017.]]
 
’n '''Asteroïde''' of '''asteroïed''' is ’n soort [[kleinplaneet]] wat om die [[Son]] wentel, veral in die binnenste [[Sonnestelsel]]. Toe kleinplanete in die buitenste Sonnestelsel ontdek is, is gevind hul oppervlakke bestaan gewoonlik uit [[Vlugtigheid|vlugtige]] elemente of samestellings, nes dié van [[Komeet|komete]]. Dié voorwerpe is dus dikwels onderskei van dié in die [[asteroïdegordel]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?asteroids |title=Asteroids |website=NASA – Jet Propulsion Laboratory |accessdate=13 September 2010}}</ref> In hierdie artikel verwys die term "asteroïde" na die kleinplanete van die binneste Sonnestelsel, insluitende dié wat ’n [[wentelbaan]] met [[Jupiter]] deel.
 
[[Lêer:(253) mathilde.jpg|duimnael|270px|links|253 Mathilde is 'n asteroïde met ’n deursnee van sowat 50&nbsp;km.]]
[[Beeld:Asteroid Belt.svg|thumb|’n Diagram van die Sonnestelsel se asteroïdegordel.]]
Daar is miljoene asteroïdes, waarvan baie vermoedelik die oorblyfsels is van [[planetesimale]], liggame in die jong Son se [[sonnewel]] wat nooit groot genoeg geword het om [[planete]] te word nie.<ref>{{cite web |website=CNEOS |title=Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) – What Are Asteroids And Comets? |url=http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/faq/#ast |accessdate=13 September 2010 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100909210213/http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/faq/ |archivedate= 9 September 2010 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> Die oorgrote meerderheid van bekende asteroïdes kom voor in die hoofasteroïdegordel tussen die wentelbane van [[Mars]] en Jupiter, of deel ’n wentelbaan met Jupiter (die [[Trojaan (sterrekunde)|Jupiter-trojane]]). Daar is egter taamlike groot families asteroïdes met ander wentelbane, insluitende die [[naby-aarde-voorwerp]]e. Individuele asteroïdes word geklassifiseer volgens hul kenmerkende [[Emissielyn|spektra]]. Die meeste val in drie hoofgroepe: C-, M- en S-tipe asteroïdes. Hulle is genoem na en word gewoonlik verbind met onderskeidelik [[koolstof]], [[metaal]] en [[silikaat]] (klipagtig). Asteroïdes se groottes wissel aansienlik; die grootste een, [[Ceres (dwergplaneet)|Ceres]], se deursnee is amper 1&nbsp;000&nbsp;km.
 
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Die [[Verenigde Nasies]] het [[30 Junie]] as Internasionale Asteroïdedag verklaar om die publiek oor asteroïdes op te voed. Dié datum herdenk die [[Toengoeska-voorval|Toengoeska-asteroïde-impak]] op 30 Junie 1908 in [[Siberië]], [[Rusland]].<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/informationfor/media/2016-unis-os-478.html |title=United Nations General Assembly proclaims 30 June as International Asteroid Day |date=7 Desember 2016 |id=UNIS/OS/478 |website=United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/71/492 |others=Rapporteur: Awale Ali Kullane |title=International cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space |date=25 October 2016 |access-date=6 Desember 2016 |website=United Nations}}</ref>
 
In April 2018 het die B612 Foundation, wat hom onder meer toespits op verdediging teen asteroïdes, berig "die kans is 100&nbsp;persent dat ons deur ’n verwoestende asteroïde getref sal word, maar ons is nie 100&nbsp;persent seker wanneer nie".<ref name="DS-20180428">{{cite news |last=Harper |first=Paul |title=Earth will be hit by asteroid with 100% Certainty ...experts have warned it is "100pc certain" Earth will be devastated by an asteroid as millions are hurling towards the planet undetected |url=https://www.dailystar.co.uk/news/world-news/699177/Asteroids-earth-space-apocalypse-meteor-B612-Foundation |date=28 April 2018 |work=Daily Star |accessdate=26 November 2018 }}</ref><ref name="INQ-20180428">{{cite news |last=Homer |first=Aaron |title=Earth Will Be Hit By An Asteroid With 100 Percent Certainty, Says Space-Watching Group B612 – The group of scientists and former astronauts is devoted to defending the planet from a space apocalypse. |url=https://www.inquisitr.com/4881237/earth-will-be-hit-by-an-asteroid-with-100-percent-certainty-says-space-watching-group-b612/ |date=28 April 2018 |work=Inquisitr |accessdate=26 November 2018 }}</ref> Ook die fisikus [[Stephen Hawking]] het in 2018 in sy laaste boek, ''Brief Answers to the Big Questions'', gemeen ’n asteroïdebotsing is die grootste bedreiging wat ons planeet in die gesig staar.<ref name="WP-20181015">{{cite news |last=Stanley-Becker |first=Isaac |title=Stephen Hawking feared race of ‘superhumans’ able to manipulate their own DNA |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2018/10/15/stephen-hawking-feared-race-of-superhumans-able-to-manipulate-their-own-dna/ |date=15 Oktober 2018 |work=The Washington Post |accessdate=26 November 2018 }}</ref><ref name="QZ-20181014">{{cite web |last=Haldevang |first=Max de |title=Stephen Hawking left us bold predictions on AI, superhumans, and aliens |url=https://qz.com/1423685/stephen-hawking-says-superhumans-will-take-over-ai-is-a-threat-and-humans-will-conquer-space/ |date=14 Oktober 2018 |work=Quartz |accessdate=26 November 2018 }}</ref><ref name="NYT-20180618">{{cite news |last=Bogdan |first=Dennis |title=\Better Way To Avoid Devastating Asteroids Needed? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/14/science/asteroids-nasa-nathan-myhrvold.html#permid=27500228:27506217 |date=18 Junie 2018 |work=The New York Times |deadurl=no |archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate=26 November 2018 }}</ref>
 
In Junie 2018 het die [[VSA]] se nasionale wetenskap-en-tegnologieraad gewaarsku dat Amerika onvoorbereid op ’n asteroïde-impak is. Die raad het die "[https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/National-Near-Earth-Object-Preparedness-Strategy-and-Action-Plan-23-pages-1MB.pdf National Near-Earth Object Preparedness Strategy Action Plan]" ontwikkel en uitgereik om beter daarop voor te berei.<ref name="WH-20180621">{{cite web |author=Staff |title=National Near-Earth Object Preparedness Strategy Action Plan |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/National-Near-Earth-Object-Preparedness-Strategy-and-Action-Plan-23-pages-1MB.pdf |format=PDF |date=21 June 2018 |work=White House |accessdate=22 June 2018 }}</ref><ref name="GIZ-20180621">{{cite news |last=Mandelbaum |first=Ryan F. |title=America Isn't Ready to Handle a Catastrophic Asteroid Impact, New Report Warns |url=https://gizmodo.com/america-isnt-ready-to-handle-a-catastrophic-asteroid-im-1827014709 |date=21 June 2018 |work=Gizmodo |accessdate=22 Junie 2018 }}</ref><ref name="ICARUS-220180522">{{cite journal |last=Myhrvold |first=Nathan |authorlink=Nathan Myhrvold |title=An empirical examination of WISE/NEOWISE asteroid analysis and results |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019103516307643 |date=22 Mei 2018 |journal=Icarus|volume=314 |pages=64–97 |doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2018.05.004 |accessdate=22 June 2018 |bibcode=2018Icar..314...64M }}</ref><ref name="NYT-20180614c">{{cite news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=Asteroids and Adversaries: Challenging What NASA Knows About Space Rocks |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/14/science/asteroids-nasa-nathan-myhrvold.html#permid=27500228:27506217 |date=14 Junie 2018 |work=The New York Times |accessdate=22 Junie 2018 }}</ref><ref name="NYT-20180614">{{cite news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=Asteroids and Adversaries: Challenging What NASA Knows About Space Rocks |quote= Two years ago, NASA dismissed and mocked an amateur’s criticisms of its asteroids database. Now Nathan Myhrvold is back, and his papers have passed peer review. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/14/science/asteroids-nasa-nathan-myhrvold.html |date=14 Junie 2018 |work=The New York Times |accessdate=26 November 2018 }}</ref> Volgens kennersgetuienis in 2013 in die Amerikaanse kongres het [[Nasa]] minstens vyf jaar van voorbereiding nodig voordat ’n sending van stapel gestuur kan word om ’n asteroïde te onderskep.<ref name="US-Congress-20130410">{{cite web |author=U.S.Congress |title=Threats From Space: a Review of U.S. Government Efforts to Track and mitigate Asteroids and Meteors (Part I and Part II) – Hearing Before the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology House of Representatives One Hundred Thirteenth Congress First Session |url=http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-113hhrg80552/pdf/CHRG-113hhrg80552.pdf |date=19 Maart 2013 |page=147 |work=United States Congress |accessdate=26 November 2018 }}</ref>
 
== Ontdekking ==