Jakobus I van Engeland: Verskil tussen weergawes

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Uitleg
Lyn 30:
|10 = [[Anna van Denemarke]]
|opskrif11 = Kinders
|11 = [[Hendrik Frederick, Prins van Wallis]]<br />[[Elizabeth van Boheme|Elizabeth, koningin van Boheme]]<br />[[Karel I van Engeland|Karel I]]<br />[[Robert Stuart, Hertog van Kintyre]]
|opskrif12 = Gebore
|12 = [[19 Junie]] [[1566]]; [[Edinburg-kasteel]]
|opskrif13 = Oorlede
|13 = [[27 Maart]] [[1625]]; [[Theobalds House]], [[Hertfordshire]], [[Engeland]]
|opskrif14 = Vader
|14 = [[Hendrik Stuart, lord Darnley]]
|opskrif15 = Moeder
|15 = [[Maria I van Skotland|Maria I]]
Lyn 54:
 
== Vroeë lewe ==
Jakobus Karel Stuart is op 19 Junie 1566 in [[Edinburg-kasteel]] gebore as die oudste seun van [[Maria I van Skotland|Maria, koningin van die Skotte]] ([[Engels]]: ''Mary, Queen of Scots'') en haar tweede man, [[Hendrik Stuart, lord Darnley]]. Jakobus was ’n afstammeling van koning [[Hendrik VII van Engeland]] deur sy oumagrootjie [[Margaret Tudor]], die oudste suster van [[Hendrik VIII van Engeland|Hendrik VIII]].
 
Maria se bewind in Skotland was onseker omdat ’n rebellie deur die [[Protestant]]se bevolking haar en haar man, wat [[Rooms-Katolieke Kerk|Katolieke]] was, in die gesig gestaar het. Hendrik is op 10 Februarie 1567 vermoor. Maria was toe reeds ’n ongewilde koningin en dit is vererger toe sy op 15 Mei 1567 trou met [[James Hepburn, 4de Graaf van Bothwell]], wat daarvan verdink is dat hy Hendrik vermoor het.
 
In Junie 1567 het Protestantse rebelle Maria gearresteer en sy het nooit weer haar babaseun gesien nie. Sy is 24 Julie gedwing om te abdikeer ten gunste van haar seun. Haar buite-egtelike halfboer, [[Jakobus Stewart, Graaf van Moray]], is as [[regent]] aangestel.<ref>Guy, pp 364–5.</ref> Haar seun is op 29 Julie 1567 op die ouderdom van dertien maande as koning Jakobus VI van Skotland gekroon. Hy is grootgemaak as lid van die Protestantse nasionale [[Church of Scotland]].
 
In 1568 het Maria uit die tronk ontsnap en dit het gelei tot ’n kort tydperk van geweld. Die Graaf van Moray het Maria se troepe in die [[Slag van Langside]] verslaan. Sy het noodgedwonge na Engeland gevlug waar sy deur Elizabeth in hegtenis geneem en uiteindelik tereggestel is.
Lyn 70:
In sy jeug is Jakobus geprys vir sy kuisheid omdat hy min belangstelling in vroue getoon het. Hy het die geselskap van mans verkies,<ref>Croft, pp 23–24.</ref> maar ’n huwelik was nodig om sy bewind te versterk. Die keuse het geval op die 14-jarige [[Anna van Denemarke]], jongste dogter van die Protestantse [[Frederick II van Denemarke|Frederick II]]. Hulle is op 23 November in die huwelik bevestig. Jakobus was versot op Anna en het haar met geduld en deernis behandel.<ref>Willson, pp 85–95.</ref> Tussen 1593 en 1595 is hy egter romanties verbind met Anne Murray, later lady Glamis, wat hy poëties aangespreek het as "my minnares en my liefde".
 
Die koninklike egpaar het drie kinders gehad wat oorleef het: [[Hendrik Frederick, Prins van Wallis]], wat in 1612 op 18-jarige ouderdom oorlede is; [[Elizabeth van Boheme|Elizabeth]], later koningin van [[Boheme]]; en Karel, die toekomstige koning [[Karel I van Engeland]]. Anna is in Maart 1619 oorlede.
 
== Engelse troon ==
Lyn 81:
 
== Persoonlike verhoudings ==
Dwarsdeur sy lewe het Jakobus liefdesverhoudings met manlike howelinge gehad, veral met [[Esmé Stewart, 1ste Hertog van Lennox|Esmé Stewart, 6de lord d'Aubigny]] (later 1ste Hertog van Lennox); [[Robert Carr, 1ste Graaf van Somerset]], en [[George Villiers, 1ste Hertog van Buckingham]]. Hy was in sy tyd berug vir sy manlike minnaars en daar is van hom gesê: ''Elizabeth was King, now James is Queen.''<ref>Montgomery Hyde, ''The Love That Dared Not Speak its Name;'' p.43</ref> Nie alle moderne historici stem egter saam dat hy definitief homo- of biseksueel was nie.(Bucholz, 2004)<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0631213937&id=1D9VrPfU7msC&pg=PA208&lpg=PA208&ots=e4Eh6hdzcw&dq=%22James+I%22+Lennox+homosexual&ie=ISO-8859-1&output=html&sig=BCnX78l4CF7SiHdmZpzHjl4_W0w Bucholz, p 208].</ref>
 
== Dood ==
Tydens die laaste jaar van sy lewe was die koning dikwels ernstig siek en hy het Londen al hoe minder besoek. In Maart 1625 het hy ’n [[beroerte]] gehad en hy is op 27 Maart in [[Theobalds House]] in [[Hertfordshire]] oorlede. Daar is diep gerou oor sy dood. Hy was tot aan die einde baie gewild, veral danksy ononderbroke vrede en lae belasting tydens die [[Jakobeaanse Tydperk]].
 
Die "King James Version" van die Engelse [[Bybel]] is aan hom opgedra. Dit is in 1611 gepubliseer danksy die [[Hampton Court-konferensie]] wat hy byeengeroep het om probleme op te los met die vertalings wat destyds gebruik is. Dié vertaling van die Bybel word vandag nog wyd gebruik.
 
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings|4}}
: ''Hierdie artikel is merendeels vertaal vanaf die Engelse Wikipedia-artikel [[:en:James I of England]]''
 
{{Verwysings}}
== Bronne ==
{{refbegin|2}}
* Atherton, Ian; and David Como (2005). ''The Burning of Edward Wightman: Puritanism, Prelacy and the Politics of Heresy in Early Modern England''. English Historical Review, Volume 120, Desember 2005, Nommer 489, 1215–1250. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
* Barroll, J. Leeds (2001). ''Anna of Denmark, Queen of England: A Cultural Biography''. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania. ISBN 0-8122-3574-6.
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* Williams, Ethel Carleton (1970). ''Anne of Denmark.'' Londen: Longman. ISBN 0-582-12783-1.
* Willson, David Harris ([1956] 1963 ed). ''King James VI & I.'' Londen: Jonathan Cape Ltd. ISBN 0-224-60572-0.
{{refend}}
 
== Verdere leesstof ==
{{refbegin|2}}
* Akrigg, G. P. V (1978). ''Jacobean Pageant: The Court of King James I''. New York: Atheneum. ISBN 0-689-70003-2.
* {{cite book|last=Chambers|first=Robert|authorlink=Robert Chambers|title=Biographical Dictionary of Eminent Scotsmen|year=1856|publisher=Blackie and Son|location=Londen|chapter=James VI|chapterurl=http://www.electricscotland.com/history/other/james6.htm}}
* {{cite book|last=Fraser|first=Antonia|authorlink=Antonia Fraser|title=King James VI of Scotland, I of England|year=1974|publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson|location=Londen|isbn=0-297-76775-5}}
* Houston, S J. ''James I''. Longman Publishing Group (June 1974), Seminar Studies ISBN 0-582-35208-8.
* {{cite book|last=Lee|first=Maurice|title=Great Britain's Solomon: James VI and I in his Three Kingdoms|year=1990|publisher=University of Illinois Press|location=Urbana|isbn=0-252-01686-6}}
* [[Roger Lockyer|Lockyer, Roger]] (1998). ''James VI and I''. Longman. 2de uitg.
* [[Roger Lockyer|Lockyer, Roger]] (1999). ''The Early Stuarts: The Political History of England 1603–1642''. Longman.
* [[Michael Lynch|Lynch, Michael (historian)]] (1991). ''Scotland: A New History''. Ebury Press. ISBN 0-7126-3413-4.
* "Preaching to the Converted? Perspectives on the Scottish Reformation," in ''The Renaissance in Scotland: Studies in Literature, Religion, History and Culture''. - AA MacDonald, M. Lynch and IB Cowan (Leiden, 1994)
* Peck, Linda Levy (1982). ''Northampton: Patronage and Policy at the Court of James I.'' Harper Collins. ISBN 0-04-942177-8.
* {{cite book|last=Williamson|first=David|title=The National Portrait Gallery History of the Kings and Queens of England|year=1998|publisher=National Portrait Gallery|location=Londen|isbn=1-85514-228-7}}
{{refend}}
 
== Eksterne skakels ==
{{CommonsKategorie|James I of England}}
* [http://web.archive.org/20070609201520/www.geocities.com/queenswoman/jameswormald.html James I, geïllustreerde biografie] deur Jenny Wormald, C.E. Hodge Fellow & Tutor in Modern History, St Hilda's College, Oxford
* [http://www.intermentary.com/renaissance-computer James I, print and digital communication]
=== Boeke oor Jakobus I aanlyn beskikbaar ===
{{refbegin|2}}
* [http://www.archive.org/details/historielifeofki00colviala ''The Historie and Life of King James the Sext. Written towards the Latter Part of the Sixteenth Century''] deur John Colville (1804)
* ''An Historical and Critical Account of the Lives and Writings of James I and Charles I, and the Lives of Oliver Cromwell and Charles II'' deur William Harris (1814): [http://www.archive.org/details/anhistoricaland02harrgoog Volume I], [http://www.archive.org/details/anhistoricaland00harrgoog Volume II], [http://www.archive.org/stream/anhistoricaland03harrgoog Volume III], [http://www.archive.org/stream/anhistoricaland05harrgoog Volume IV], [http://www.archive.org/details/anhistoricaland01harrgoog Volume V]
* ''Memoirs of the Court of King James the First'' deur [[Lucy Aikin]] (1822): [http://www.archive.org/details/memoirsofcourtof02aiki Vol. I], [http://www.archive.org/details/memoirsofcourtof01aiki Vol. II]
* [http://www.archive.org/details/papersrelativeto00crairich ''Papers Relative to the Marriage of King James the Sixth of Scotland, with the Princess Anna of Denmark; A.D. M.D.LXXXIX., and the Form and Manner of Her Majesty's coronation at Holyroodhouse. A.D. M.D.X.C''] deur James T. Gibson-Craig (1828)
* [http://www.archive.org/details/extractsfromacc00cunngoog ''Extracts from the Accounts of the Revels at Court, in the Reigns of Queen Elizabeth and King James I''] deur Peter Cunningham (1842)
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* [http://www.archive.org/details/englishchurchin02frergoog ''The English Church in the Reigns of Elizabeth and James I. (1558–1625)''] deur Walter Frere (1904)
* [http://www.archive.org/details/historyenglandf00montgoog ''The History of England from the Accession of James I. to the Restoration (1603–1660)''] deur Francis Charles Montague (1907)
* "English Witchcraft and James the First," in [http://www.archive.org/details/fivepamphlets00kittrich ''Five Pamphlets''] bydeur [[George Lyman Kittredge]] (1911–1917)
* [http://www.archive.org/details/politicalworksj00igoog ''The Political Works of James I''] (1918-uitg.)
{{refend}}
 
== Skakels ==
* [http://web.archive.org/20070609201520/www.geocities.com/queenswoman/jameswormald.html James I, geïllustreerde biografie] deur Jenny Wormald, C.E. Hodge Fellow & Tutor in Modern History, St Hilda's College, Oxford
* [http://www.intermentary.com/renaissance-computer James I, print and digital communication]
{{CommonsKategorie-inlyn|James I of England}}
{{vertaaluit| taalafk = en | il = James I of England}}
 
{{Monarge van Engeland}}