Willem IV, Prins van Oranje: Verskil tussen weergawes

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{{Inligtingskas Ampsbekleër
{{Infobox royalty
| name = WilliamWillem IV
| successionopvolger = [[PrincePrins ofvan OrangeOranje]]
| voorganger = [[Johan Willem Friso van Nassau-Dietz]]
| predecessor = [[John William Friso, Prince of Orange|John William Friso]]
| reignheers = 1 September 1711 – <br>22 OctoberOktober 1751
| reign-typeheerstyd = Period
| successoropvolger = [[WilliamWillem V, Princeprins ofvan OrangeOranje|WilliamWillem V]]
| succession1opvolger1 = [[PrincipalityPrinsipaliteit ofvan OrangeOranje-Nassau|PrincePrins ofvan OrangeOranje-Nassau]]
| voorganger1 = [[Johan Willem Friso van Nassau-Dietz]]
| predecessor1 = [[John William Friso, Prince of Orange|John William Friso]]
| reign1heers1 = 1 September 1711 – <br>22 OctoberOktober 1751
| successor1opvolger1 = [[WilliamWillem V, Princeprins ofvan OrangeOranje|WilliamWillem V]]
| succession2opvolger2 = [[StadtholderStadhouer]] ofvan thedie [[DutchNederlandse RepublicRepubliek|UnitedVerenigde ProvincesProvinsies]]
| reign2heers2 = 4 MayMei 1747 – 22 OctoberOktober 1751
| predecessor2voorganger2 = [[WilliamWillem III ofvan EnglandEngeland|WilliamWillem III]]
| successor2opvolger2 = [[WilliamWillem V, Princeprins ofvan OrangeOranje|WilliamWillem V]]
| imagebeeld = Willem Karel Hendrik Friso van Oranje-Nassau, attributed to Johann Valentin Tischbein.jpg
| captiononderskrif = PortraitPortret ofvan WilliamWillem IV (1751), attributedgekreditreer toaan [[Johann Valentin Tischbein]]
| birth_dategeboortedatum = [[1 September]] [[1711]]
| birth_placegeboorteplek = [[Leeuwarden]], [[DutchNederlandse RepublicRepubliek]]
| death_datesterfdatum = {{deathsterfdatum dateen and age|df=yesouderdom|1751|10|22|1711|9|1}}
| death_placesterfplek = [[Huis ten Bosch]], [[TheDen HagueHaag]], [[DutchNederlandse RepublicRepubliek]]
| burial_dateteraardebestellingsdatum = 4 FebruaryFebruarie 1752
| burial_placebegraafplek = [[Nieuwe Kerk (Delft)|Nieuwe Kerk]], [[Delft]]
| educationopvoeding =
| occupationberoep =
| spouse huweliksmaat = [[Anne, PrincessKoninklike Prinses Royal anden PrincessPrinses ofvan Orange|Anne, Princess RoyalOranje]]
| issue afstammelinge = [[PrincessPrinses Carolina ofvan OrangeOranje-Nassau|Carolina, PrincessPrinses ofvan Nassau-Weilburg]] <br> PrincessPrinses Anna <br> [[WilliamWillem V, PrincePrins ofvan OrangeOranje]]
| vader = [[John William Friso, Prins van Oranje]]
| issue-link = #Marriage and children
| moeder = [[Landgrafin Marie Louise van Hesse-Kassel]]
| issue-pipe = Details...
| huis = [[Huis van Oranje-Nassau|Oranje-Nassau]]
| father = [[John William Friso, Prince of Orange]]
| mother = [[Landgravine Marie Louise of Hesse-Kassel]]
| house = [[House of Orange-Nassau|Orange-Nassau]]
}}
'''WilliamWillem IV''' (Willem Karel Hendrik Friso; [[1 September]] [[1711]][[22 OctoberOktober]] [[1751]]) was van geboorte af [[PrincePrins ofvan OrangeOranje]] fromen birthdie andeerste the first hereditaryhereditere [[StadtholderStadhouer]] ofvan allal thedie [[DutchNederlandse RepublicRepubliek|UnitedVerenigde ProvincesProvinsies ofvan the NetherlandsNederland]] fromvanaf 1747 tilltot en met hissy deathdood in 1751.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Suzanna van Dijk|author2=Jo Nesbitt|title=I Have Heard about You: Foreign Women's Writing Crossing the Dutch Border : from Sappho to Selma Lagerlöf|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mjw2CNUIiQkC&pg=PA168|date=1 JanuaryJanuarie 2004|publisher=Uitgeverij Verloren|isbn=90-6550-752-3|page=168}}</ref> DuringTydens hissy wholelewe lifewas hehy wasverdermeer furthermoreheerser rulervan of thedie [[PrincipalityPrinsipaliteit ofvan OrangeOranje-Nassau]] withinbinne thedie [[HolyHeilige RomanRomeinse EmpireRyk]].
 
==EarlyVroeë lifelewe==
William wasis borngebore in [[Leeuwarden]], Netherlands,Nederland theas sondie ofseun van [[JohnJohan WilliamWillem Friso, Princevan of OrangeNassau-Dietz]], headhoof ofvan thedie [[FrisiaFriesland|Fries]]ne branchtak ofvan thedie [[HouseHuis ofvan OrangeOranje-Nassau]], anden ofvan hissy wifevrou [[LandgravineLandgrafin Marie Louise ofvan Hesse-Kassel]] (orof Hesse-Cassel). Hy Heis wasses bornweke sixna weeksdie afterdood thevan death ofsy hisvader fathergebore.
 
WilliamWillem succeededhet hissy fathervader opgevolg as [[Stadtholderstadhouer]] ofvan [[Friesland]], anden alsoook, underonder thedie regencyregentskap ofvan hissy mothermoeder untiltot 1731, as Stadtholderstadhouer ofvan [[Groningen (provinceprovinsie)|Groningen]]. In 1722 heis washy electedverkies Stadtholderas [[Stadhouer]] ofvan [[GueldersGelre]]. TheDie fourvier otherander provincesprovinsies ofvan thedie [[DutchNederlandse RepublicRepubliek]]: naamlik, [[Holland]], [[Zeeland]], [[Utrecht]] anden [[Overijssel]]] hadhet in 1702 decidedbesluit notom togeen appointstadhouer aaan stadtholderte afterstel thena deathdie ofdood stadtholdervan stadhouer [[WilliamWillem III ofvan EnglandEngeland|WilliamWillem III]] nie, issuingen thesodeonde historydie ofRepubliek thegestuur Republicin into'n atydperk periodwat thatbekend issou knownstaan as thedie [[SecondTweede Stadtholderlessstadhouerlose Period]]periode. In 1747 thosehet fourdie provincesvier alsoprovinsies acceptedWillem Williamook as theirsteenkolwer stadtholderaanvaar.
 
== Huwelik en kinders ==
==Marriage and children==
In 1720 William was named the 549th [[Knight]] of the [[Order of the Garter]]. On 25 March 1734 he married at [[St James's Palace]] [[Anne, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange|Anne, Princess Royal]], eldest daughter of [[George II of Great Britain|King George II of Great Britain]] and [[Caroline of Ansbach]]. William and Anne had five children:
 
In 1720 is Willem aangewys as die 549ste [[Ridder]] van die Order of the Garter. Op 25 Maart 1734 het hy in Sint Jakobus Paleis met [[Anne, koninklike prinses en Prinses van Oranje, oudste dogter van [[George II van Groot-Brittanje]] en [[Caroline van Ansbach]] getrou. Willem en Anne het vyf kinders gehad:
* a stillborn daughter (born 19 December 1736)
* a stillborn daughter (born 22 December 1739)
* [[Princess Carolina of Orange-Nassau]] (28 February 1743 – 6 May 1787), married [[Karl Christian of Nassau-Weilburg]]
* Princess Anna of Orange-Nassau (15 November 1746 – 29 December 1746)
* [[William V, Prince of Orange]] (8 March 1748 – 9 April 1806)
 
* 'n doodgebore dogter (gebore op 19 Desember 1736)
==Later life==
* 'n doodgebore dogter (gebore op 22 Desember 1739)
[[File:Portret van Willem IV Rijksmuseum SK-A-6.jpeg|thumb|upright|Portrait of William, 1751]]
* Prinses Carolina van Oranje-Nassau (28 Februarie 1743 - 6 Mei 1787), getroud met Karel Christiaan van Nassau-Weilburg
* Prinses Anna van Oranje-Nassau (15 November 1746 - 29 Desember 1746)
* [[Willem V, prins van Oranje]] (8 Maart 1748 - 9 April 1806)
 
== Later lewe ==
In 1739 William inherited the estates formerly owned by the Nassau-Dillenburg branch of his family, and in 1743 he inherited those formerly owned by the Nassau-Siegen branch of his family.
[[Lêer: Portret van Willem IV Rijksmuseum SK-A-6.jpeg|duimnael|upright|Portret van Willem, 1751]]
 
In 1739 het Willem die boedels geërf wat voorheen deur die Nassau-Dillenburg-tak van sy familie besit is, en in 1743 het hy die erfenisse wat voorheen deur die Nassau-Siegen-tak van sy familie besit is geërf. In April 1747 het die Franse leër [[Vlaandere]] binnegekom en Nederland gedreig, wat verswak was deur die interne verdelings. Die Nederlanders het besluit dat hul land 'n enkele sterk uitvoerende gesag nodig het, en hulle gevolglik tot die [[Huis van Oranje]] gewend. Willem en sy gesin het van Leeuwarden na [[Den Haag]] verhuis. Op 4 Mei 1747 het die State-Generaal van Nederland Willem as Generaal Stadhouer van al sewe [[Nederlandse Republiek|Verenigde Provinsies]] van Nederland benoem, en die titel die eerste keer oorerflik gemaak. Willem het hertog Louis Ernest van Brunswyk-Lüneburg in 1747 ontmoet, en hom twee jaar later aangestel veldmaarskalk van die Nederlandse Staatsleër, wat later daartoe gelei het dat Louis Ernest as een van die regente vir Willem se erfgenaam gedien het. Willem IV was beskou as 'n aantreklike, opgevoede en bekwame prins. Alhoewel hy min ervaring in staatsake gehad het, was Willem aanvanklik gewild onder die mense. Hy het die praktyk van indirekte belasting waardeur onafhanklike kontrakteurs daarin geslaag het om groot bedrae vir hulself te verdien gestop. Desondanks was hy ook 'n direkteur-generaal van die [[Verenigde Oos-Indiese Kompanjie]]. Hy het ook sy bondgenootskap met die sakeklas verdiep terwyl die verskil tussen die rykes en armes toegeneem het.
In April 1747 the French army entered [[Flanders]], threatening the Netherlands, which was weakened by internal division. The Dutch decided that their country needed a single strong executive, and turned to the House of Orange. William and his family moved from Leeuwarden to [[The Hague]]. On 4 May 1747, the [[States General of the Netherlands]] named William General Stadtholder of all seven of the [[Dutch Republic|United Provinces]] of the Netherlands, and made the position hereditary for the first time. William first met [[Duke Louis Ernest of Brunswick-Lüneburg]] in 1747, and two years later appointed him field marshal of the [[Dutch States Army]], which later led to Louis Ernest serving as one of the regents for William's heir.
 
William het tot en met sy dood in 1751 in [[Den Haag]] gedien as Algemene [[Stadhouer]] van die hele Nederland.
William IV was considered an attractive, educated, and accomplished prince in his prime. Although he had little experience in state affairs, William was at first popular with the people. He stopped the practice of indirect taxation by which independent contractors managed to make large sums for themselves. Nevertheless, he was also a Director-General of the [[Dutch East India Company]], and his alliance with the business class deepened while the disparity between rich and poor grew.
 
Die county van Orange, [[Virginia]], en die stad [[Orangeburg]], [[Suid-Carolina]], is na hom vernoem.
William served as General Stadtholder of all the Netherlands until his death in 1751 at [[The Hague]].
 
==Notas==
The county of [[Orange, Virginia]], and the city of [[Orangeburg, South Carolina]], are named after him.
{{Verwysings}}
 
==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|1= 1. '''William IV, Prince of Orange'''
|2= 2. [[John William Friso, Prince of Orange]]
|3= 3. [[Landgravine Marie Louise of Hesse-Kassel]]
|4= 4. [[Henry Casimir II, Prince of Nassau-Dietz]]
|5= 5. [[Princess Henriëtte Amalia of Anhalt-Dessau]]
|6= 6. [[Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel]]
|7= 7. Princess [[Maria Amalia of Courland]]
|8= 8. [[William Frederick, Prince of Nassau-Dietz]]
|9= 9. [[Countess Albertine Agnes of Nassau]]
|10= 10. [[John George II, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau]]
|11= 11. Princess [[Henriette Catherine of Nassau]]
|12= 12. [[William VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel]]
|13= 13. [[Margravine Hedwig Sophie of Brandenburg]]
|14= 14. [[Jacob Kettler|Jacob, Duke of Courland]]
|15= 15. [[Margravine Louise Charlotte of Brandenburg]]
|16= 16. [[Ernest Casimir I, Count of Nassau-Dietz]]
|17= 17. [[Sophia Hedwig of Brunswick-Lüneburg]]
|18= 18. [[Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange]]
|19= 19. [[Amalia of Solms-Braunfels]]
|20= 20. [[John Casimir, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau]]
|21= 21. [[Agnes of Hesse-Kassel]]
|22= 22. [[Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange]] (=18)
|23= 23. [[Amalia of Solms-Braunfels]] (=19)
|24= 24. [[William V, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel]]
|25= 25. [[Countess Amalie Elisabeth of Hanau-Münzenberg|Amalie Elisabeth of Hanau-Münzenberg]]
|26= 26. [[George William, Elector of Brandenburg]]
|27= 27. [[Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate, Electress of Brandenburg|Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate]]
|28= 28. [[Wilhelm Kettler|Wilhelm Kettler, Duke of Courland]]
|29= 29. [[Duchess Sophie of Prussia]]
|30= 30. [[George William, Elector of Brandenburg]] (=26)
|31= 31. [[Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate, Electress of Brandenburg|Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate]] (=27)
}}
 
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
 
==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline|William IV, Prince of Orange}}
 
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{{Normdata}}
{{GueldersStadtholders}}
{{HollandZeelandUtrechtStadtholders}}
{{FrieslandStadtholders}}
{{GroningenStadtholders}}
{{OverijsselStadtholders}}
{{DrentheStadtholders}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2010}}
 
{{Authority control}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:William 04 Orange Oranje-Nassau}}
[[Kategorie:Geboortes in 1711]]
[[Category:1711 births]]
[[Kategorie:Sterftes in 1751]]
[[Category:1751 deaths]]
[[Kategorie:Geskiedenis van Nederland]]
[[Category:People of the Patriottentijd]]
[[Category:Princes of Orange]]
[[Category:Counts of Nassau]]
[[Category:Dutch stadtholders]]
[[Category:House of Orange-Nassau]]
[[Category:Lords of Breda]]
[[Category:Knights of the Garter]]
[[Category:Burials in the Royal Crypt at Nieuwe Kerk, Delft]]
[[Category:People from Leeuwarden]]
[[Category:Modern child rulers]]