Nikolaas II van Rusland: Verskil tussen weergawes

Die [[Chișinău|Kisjinef]]-koerant ''Bessarabets'', wat [[Antisemitisme|antisemitiese]] materiaal gepubliseer het, het geld gekry van Wjatsjeslaf Plewe, die minister van binnelandse sake.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.friends-partners.org/partners/beyond-the-pale/english/36.html |title = Beyond the Pale: The Pogroms of 1903–1906 |accessdate access-date= 17 Julie 2008 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422124845/http://www.friends-partners.org:80/partners/beyond-the-pale/english/36.html |archive-date=22 April 2019 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Dié berigte het die Kisjinef-opstand teen die [[Jode]] aangevuur. Nikolaas se regering het die opstand veroordeel en die streekgoewerneur afgedank. Die oortreders is aangekeer en deur die hof gestraf.<ref>[[#Massie1967|Massie (1967)]] bl. 94–95, 122 in Russiese uitgawe</ref> Die leiers van die [[Russies-Ortodokse Kerk]] het ook die opstand veroordeel.<ref>Solzhenitsyn, Alexander (2001) ''Two hundred years together''. Moskou. bl. 329</ref> In sy private hoedanigheid het Nikolaas sy bewondering van die oproermakers uitgespreek; hy het geglo antisemitisme is ’n nuttige manier om die volk agter sy bewind te verenig.<ref>Figes, Orlando (1996), ''A People's Tragedy'', bl. 197–8</ref> In 1911 het hy egter regeringsmaatreëls goedgekeur om antisemitisme te voorkom ná die sluipmoord van [[Pjotr Stolipin]] deur die Joodse rewolusionêr Dmitri Bogrof.<ref>Massie, Robert K. ''Nicholas and Alexandra'' (1967) bl. 228</ref>

In Januarie 1998 is die oorskot, wat onder ’n grondpad naby Jekaterinburg opgegrawe is, amptelik uitgeken as dié van Nikolaas en sy gesin (uitsluitende een van die dogters en Aleksei). Die identifikasie, insluitende vergelykings van hul [[DNS]] met dié van lewende familielede, is uitgevoer deur aparte Russiese, Britse en Amerikaanse wetenskaplikes en hulle het bevind dit is oortuigend.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tass-ural.ru/lentanews/54965.html |archiveurltitle=Экспертиза подтвердила, что найденные останки принадлежат Николаю II |publisher=ITAR-TASS |date=5 Desember 2008 |language=ru |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2011080713450420170201072737/http://www.tass-ural.ru/lentanews/54965.html|archivedate=7 Augustus 2011 |titlearchive-date=1 ЭкспертизаFebruarie подтвердила,2017 что найденные останки принадлежат Николаю II|publisher=ITARurl-TASS |datestatus=5 Desember 2008dead|languagedf=rudmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0004838| pmid = 19277206| title = Mystery Solved: The Identification of the Two Missing Romanov Children Using DNA Analysis| journal = PLoS ONE| volume = 4| issue = 3| pages = e4838| year = 2009| last1 = Coble | first1 = M. D. | last2 = Loreille | first2 = O. M. | last3 = Wadhams | first3 = M. J. | last4 = Edson | first4 = S. M. | last5 = Maynard | first5 = K. | last6 = Meyer | first6 = C. E. | last7 = Niederstätter | first7 = H. | last8 = Berger | first8 = C. | last9 = Berger | first9 = B. | last10 = Falsetti | first10 = A. B. | last11 = Gill | first11 = P. | last12 = Parson | first12 = W. | last13 = Finelli | first13 = L. N. | pmc=2652717}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.isogg.org/famousdna.htm |title=Famous DNA |publisher=Isogg.org |date= |accessdateaccess-date=25 Oktober 2010 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015072811/http://www.isogg.org:80/famousdna.htm |archive-date=15 Oktober 2015 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=A high observed substitution rate in the human mitochondrial DNA control region|vauthors=Parsons TJ, Muniec DS, Sullivan K, Woodyatt N, Alliston-Greiner R, Wilson MR, Berry DL, Holland KA, Weedn VW, Gill P, Holland MM |pmid=9090380|year=1997|volume=15|issue=4|pages=363–8|doi=10.1038/ng0497-363|journal=Nature Genetics}}</ref>

In Julie 2007 het ’n amateur-[[historikus]] die bene van ’n seun en jong meisie naby Jekaterinburg ontdek.<ref>{{cite news| |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/aug/25/russia.lukeharding | work=The Guardian | location=London | title=Bones found by Russian builder finally solve riddle of the missing Romanovs | first=Luke | last=Harding | date=25 Augustus 2007 | accessdateaccess-date=20 MayMei 2010 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204182107/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/aug/25/russia.lukeharding |archive-date=4 Desember 2019 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Aanklaers het die ondersoek na die dood van die keiserlike gesin heropen en in April 2008 is in DNS-toetse deur ’n Amerikaanse laboratorium bevind die bene behoort aan Nikolaas se twee kinders Aleksei en Maria, volgens Russiese nuusagentskappe.<ref name="AP" /> Dieselfde dag het Russiese owerhede aangekondig die oorskot van die hele familie is uitgeken.<ref name="AP">{{cite news | title = DNA Confirms Remains of Tsar's Children | url = http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/04/30/tech/main4057567.shtml | agency = Associated Press| |date = 30 April 2008 | accessdate access-date= 28 September 2007 | work=CBS News |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929023126/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/04/30/tech/main4057567.shtml |archive-date=29 September 2013 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>Details on further testing of the Imperial remains are contained in Rogaev, E.I., Grigorenko, A.P., Moliaka, I.K., Faskhutdinova, G., Goltsov, A., Lahti, A., Hildebrandt, C., Kittler, E.L.W. and Morozova, I., "Genomic identification in historical case of Nicholas II Royal family.", ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences'', (2009). The mitochondrial DNA of Alexandra, Alexei, and Maria are identical and of haplogroup H1. The mitochondrial DNA of Nicholas was haplogroup T2. Their sequences are published at [[GenBank]] as FJ656214, FJ656215, FJ656216, and FJ656217.</ref>

Op 1 Oktober 2008 het die Russiese hooggeregshof bevind Nikolaas II en sy gesin was die slagoffers van politieke vervolging en hul naam moet in ere herstel word.<ref>BBC News. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7645776.stm Russia's last Tsar rehabilitated]. Besoek op 1 Oktober 2008</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.russiatoday.com/news/news/31214 |title=Last Tsar's family rehabilitated |publisher=Russiatoday.com |date=1 Oktober 2008 |accessdate=7 September 2009 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090124020845/http://www.russiatoday.com/news/news/31214 |archivedate=24 Januarie 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1846339,00.html |title=Russia's Last Tsar Declared Victim of Repression |publisher=Time |date= |accessdateaccess-date=7 September 2009 |url-statuslanguage=deaden |archiveurlarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2009011408564620120127202022/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1846339,00.html |archivedatearchive-date=1427 Januarie 20092012 |url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In Maart 2009 is die resultate van die DNS-toetse gepubliseer; dit het bevestig dat die twee liggame wat in 2007 ontdek is, dié van Aleksei en Maria is.<ref>[http://ireport.cnn.com/docs/DOC-167726 "DNA proves Bolsheviks killed all of Russian Tsar's children"], CNN, 22 Desember 2008.</ref>