Filippino Lippi: Verskil tussen weergawes
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{{Inligtingskas Kunstenaar
| naam = Filippino Lippi
| beeld = Filippino Lippi 007.jpg
| beeldgrootte = 180px
| onderskrif = Selfportret. Detail uit ''Die Dispuut met Simon Magus'' (1481–1482). Fresko. [[Brancacci-kapel]], Santa Maria del Carmine, Florence, Italië.
| geboortenaam = Filippo Lippi
| geboortedatum = circa {{geboortedatum|1457|4|15}}
| geboorteplek = [[Prato]], Republiek van Florence
| sterfdatum = {{sterfdatum en ouderdom|1504|4|18|1457|4|15}}
| sterfplek = [[Florence]], Republiek van Florence
| nasionaliteit = [[Italië|Italiaans]]
| veld = [[Skilderkuns]], fresko's
| opleiding = [[Filippo Lippi]]
| beweging = [[Renaissance|Italiaanse Renaissance]]
| werke = ''Apparition of the Virgin to St Bernard''<br>''Aanbidding deur die Wyses''
| beskermhere =
| beïnvloed deur =
| beinvloed = [[Raffaellino del Garbo]]
| pryse =
}}
[[Beeld:Bernardo claraval filippino lippi.jpg|regs|duimnael|280px|''Apparition of The Virgin to St Bernard'' (1485–1487).]]
[[Beeld:Filippino Lippi 001.jpg|duimnael|280px|regs|''Allegory of Music'' (c. 1500), tempera op paneel, 61 × 51 cm. Gemaldegalerie, Berlyn, Duitsland.]]
[[Beeld:Filippino Lippi (ca. 1457–1504) - Mystiek huwelijk van de heilige Catharina (1501) - Bologna San Domenico - 25-04-2012 15-19-08.JPG|duimnael|280px|''Mystic Wedding of St Catherine Virgin and Martyr'' (1501) Basiliek van San Domenico, Bologna, Italië]]
'''Filippino Lippi''' ([[Prato]], [[April]] [[1457]] – [[Florence]], [[18 April]] [[1504]]) was 'n Italiaanse skilder wat tydens die latere jare van die [[Renaissance|Vroeë renaissance]] en vir die eerste paar jare van die [[Renaissance|Hoë Renaissance]] in [[Florence]], Italië, werksaam was.
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==Biografie==
Filippino Lippi was born in [[Prato]], [[Tuscany]], the illegitimate son of the painter [[Fra Filippo Lippi]] and [[Lucrezia Buti]]. Filippino first trained under his father. They moved to [[Spoleto]], where Filippino served as workshop [[Adjuvant#Other uses|adjuvant]] in the construction of the [[Cathedral (Spoleto)|Cathedral]]. When his father died in 1469, he completed the [[frescoes]] with ''Storie della Vergine'' (''Histories of the Virgin'') in the cathedral. Filippino Lippi completed his apprenticeship in the workshop of [[Sandro Botticelli|Botticelli]], who had been a pupil of Filippino's father. In 1472 the records of the painters' guild record that Botticelli had only Filippino Lippi as an assistant.
His first works greatly resemble those of Botticelli, but with less sensitivity and subtlety. The very first ones (dating from 1475 onwards) were initially attributed to an anonymous "Amico di Sandro" ("Friend of Botticelli"). Eventually Lippi's style evolved into a more personal and effective one over the years 1480–1485. Works of the early period include: the ''Madonnas'' of Berlin, London and Washington, the ''Journeys of Tobia'' of the [[Galleria Sabauda]], Turin, the ''Madonna of the Sea'' of [[Galleria dell'Accademia]], Florence, and the ''Histories of Ester''.
Together with [[Pietro Perugino|Perugino]], [[Domenico Ghirlandaio|Ghirlandaio]] and Botticelli, Lippi worked on the frescoed decoration of [[Lorenzo de' Medici]]'s villa at Spedaletto. On December 31, 1482, he was commissioned to decorate a wall of the Sala dell'Udienza of [[Palazzo Vecchio]] in [[Florence]], a work never begun. Soon after, probably in 1483–84, he was called to complete [[Tommaso Masaccio|Masaccio]]'s decoration of the [[Brancacci Chapel]] in the [[church of Santa Maria del Carmine di Firenze|church of the Carmine]], that had been left unfinished at the artist's death in 1428. Here he painted ''Stories of Saint Peter'', in the following frescoes: ''Quarrel with Simon Magus in face of Nero'', ''Resurrection of the Son of Teophilus'', ''Saint Peter Jailed'', ''Liberation'' and ''Crucifixion of Saint Peter''.
Lippi's work on the Sala degli Otto di Pratica, in the [[Palazzo Vecchio]], was completed on February 20, 1486.<ref>Rowlands, Eliot W., and Marilyn Bradshaw. "Lippi family." Grove Art Online. January 01, 2003. Oxford University Press.</ref> It is now in the [[Uffizi|Uffizi Gallery]]. At about this time, Piero di Francesco del Pugliese asked him to paint the altarpiece with the ''[[Apparition of the Virgin to St Bernard (Filippino Lippi)|Apparition of the Virgin to St. Bernard]]'', which is now in the [[Badia Fiorentina]], Florence. This is Lippi's most popular picture: a composition of unreal items, with its very particular elongated figures, backed by a phantasmagorical scenario of rocks and almost anthropomorphic trunks. The work is dated to 1485–1487.<ref>Rowlands, Eliot W., and Marilyn Bradshaw. "Lippi family." Grove Art Online. January 01, 2003. Oxford University Press.</ref>
Later, he worked for Tanai de' Nerli in Florence's [[Santo Spirito, Florence|Santo Spirito]] church.
On April 21, 1487, Filippo Strozzi asked him to decorate the Strozzi family chapel in [[Santa Maria Novella]] with ''Stories of St. John Evangelist and St. Philip''. He worked on this commission intermittently, over a long time. He only completed it in 1503, after Strozzi's death. The windows with musical themes, in the same chapel, also designed by Filippino, were completed between June and July 1503. These paintings can be seen as a mirror of the political and religious crisis in Florence at the time: the theme of the fresco, the clash between [[Christianity]] and [[Paganism]], was hotly debated in the Florence of [[Girolamo Savonarola]].
Filippino depicted his characters in a landscape which recreated the [[ancient world]] in its finest details, showing the influence of the [[Grotesque#Etymology_in_Renaissance|Grottesco]] style he had seen on his time in [[Rome]]. In this way he created an "animated", mysterious, fantastic but disquieting style, showing the unreality of nightmare. Thus, Filippino portrayed ruthless executioners with the grimmest of faces, who raged against the [[Saint]]s. In the scene of ''St. Philip expelling a monster from the temple'', the statue of the [[paganism|pagan]] god is represented as a living figure which seems to dare the Christian saint.
In 1488, Lippi went to [[Rome]], where [[Lorenzo de' Medici]] had advised Cardinal [[Oliviero Carafa]] to entrust him with the decoration of the [[Carafa Chapel|family chapel]] in [[Santa Maria sopra Minerva]]. These frescoes show a new kind of inspiration, quite different from his earlier works, but confirm Lippi's continued research on the themes of the Ancient era. He finished the cycle by 1493.
Lippi's return to Florence took place--the date is disputed--at some time between 1491 and 1494. Works of this period include: ''[[Apparition of Christ to Madonna|Apparition of Christ to the Virgin]]'' (c. 1493, now in [[Munich]]), ''[[Adoration of the Magi (Filippino Lippi)|Adoration of the Magi]]'' (1496, for the church of San Donato in Scopeto, now in the [[Uffizi]]), ''Sacrifice of Laocoön'' (end of the century, for the villa of [[Lorenzo de' Medici]] at Poggio a Caiano), ''St. John Baptist and Maddalena'' (Valori Chapel in San Procolo, Florence, inspired to some way extent by [[Luca Signorelli]]'s art).
He also worked outside the area of his home city, on the Certosa, or Chapterhouse, in [[Pavia]] and in [[Prato]], where in 1503 he completed the ''Tabernacle of the Christmas Song'', now in the City Museum; in 1501 Lippi painted the ''Mystic Wedding of St. Catherine'' for the [[Basilica of San Domenico]] in [[Bologna]].
Lippi's final work was the ''[[Deposition (Annunziata)|Deposition]]'' for the Santissima Annunziata church, Florence, which at his death in April 1504 was unfinished.
Because of Lippi's fame and reputation, on the day of his burial all the workshops of the city closed for him.
==Grootste werke==
* ''The [[Coronation of the Virgin]]'' (c. 1480)<small>—Tempera on panel, 90.2 × 223 cm, [[National Gallery of Art]], [[Washington, D.C.]] </small>
* ''[[Madonna with Child, St Anthony of Padua and a Friar]]'' (before 1480)<small>—Tempera on wood, 57 × 41.5 cm, [[Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest|Museum of Fine Arts]], [[Budapest]] </small>
* ''[[Tobias and the Angel (Filippino Lippi)|Tobias and the Angel]]'' (c. 1480)<small>—Tempera on panel, 33 × 23 cm, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.</small>
* ''[[Portrait of an Old Man (Filippino Lippi)|Portrait of an Old Man]]'' (1485)<small>—Detached fresco, 47 × 38 cm, [[Uffizi]], [[Florence]]</small>
* ''[[Three Angels with Young Tobias]] ''(1485)<small>—Oil on panel, 100 × 127 cm, [[Galleria Sabauda]], [[Turin]]</small>
* ''[[Self-Portrait (Filippino Lippi)|Self-Portrait]]''<small>—Detached fresco on flat tile, 50 × 31 cm, Uffizi, Florence</small>
* ''[[Portrait of a Youth (Filippino Lippi)|Portrait of a Youth]]'' (c. 1485)<small>—Wood, 51 × 35.5 cm, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.</small>
* ''[[Signoria Altarpiece (Filippino Lippi)|Signoria Altarpiece (Pala degli Otto)]]'' (1486)<small>—Tempera on wood, 355 × 255 cm, Uffizi, Florence</small>
* ''[[Annunciation with St. Thomas and Cardinal Carafa]]'' (1488–1493)<small>—Fresco, [[Santa Maria sopra Minerva]], Rome</small>
* ''[[Apparition of the Virgin to St Bernard (Filippino Lippi)|Apparition of the Virgin to St. Bernard]]'' (1486)<small>—Oil on panel, 210 × 195 cm, Church of Badia, Florence </small>
* ''[[Madonna with Child and Saints (Filippino Lippi)|Madonna with Child and Saints]]'' (c. 1488)<small>—Oil on wood, Santo Spirito, Florence</small>
* ''[[St Jerome (Filippino Lippi)|St. Jerome]]'' (1490s)<small>—Oil on wood, 136 × 71 cm, Uffizi, Florence</small>
* ''[[Apparition of Christ to the Virgin]]'' (c. 1493)<small>—Oil on panel, 156.1 × 146.7 cm, [[Alte Pinakothek]], Munich</small>
* ''Madonna and Child with Saints'' (1498)<small>—affresco, 239 × 141 × 71 cm, Museo Civico, [[Prato]]</small>
* ''[[Adoration of the Magi (Filippino Lippi)|Adoration of the Magi]]'' (1496)<small>—Oil on wood, Uffizi, Florence</small>
* ''[[Allegory (Filippino Lippi)|Allegory]]'' (c. 1498)<small>—Oil on wood, 29 × 22 cm, Uffizi, Florence</small>
* ''[[Allegory of Music (Filippino Lippi)|Allegory of Music (Erato)]]'' (c. 1500)<small>—Tempera on panel, 61 × 51 cm, [[Museum Island|Staatliche Museen]], [[Berlin]]</small>
* ''Crucifixion'', c. 1501<small>— tempera on panel, 31.2 × 23.4 cm, Museo Civico, [[Prato]]</small>
* ''[[Marriage of St. Catherine (Filippino Lippi)|Mystic Marriage of St Catherine]]'' (c. 1501–1503)<small>—Panel, [[Basilica di San Domenico]], [[Bologna]]</small>
* ''Madonna and Child, St. Stefan and St. John the Baptist'' (1502–1503)<small>—tempera on panel, 132 × 118 cm, Museo Civico, [[Prato]]</small>
* ''[[Deposition (Filippino Lippi)|Deposition]]'' (1504, finished by [[Perugino]] in 1507)<small>—Oil on panel, 333 × 218 cm, Gallerie dell'Accademia, Florence</small>
==Skoolwerke==
Following works are permitted to be cited as Filippino's [[school work]]s.
* ''the Madonna, Child and St. John''<small>—[[Tondo (art)|tondo]], [[House of Keglević|Keglevich]] collection, [[Budapest]],</small><ref>Gábor Térey, [[The Burlington Magazine]], page 183, L., 1927.</ref>
* ''Cenacolo di S. Apollonia''<small>—[[Florence]]</small><ref name="G. Bernardini">''G. Bernardini'', Bollettino d'Arte del Ministero della Pubblica Istruzione ([[Ministry of Public Education (Italy)]]), year 1912, page 291.</ref>
* ''the Virgin giving her [[Girdle of Thomas|girdle to St. Thomas]]''<small>—[[Florence]]</small><ref name="G. Bernardini" />
* ''St. Anthony Abbot''<small>—[[Florence]]</small><ref name="G. Bernardini" />
==Galery==
<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" caption="Works and details">
File:Filippino Lippi - The Coronation of the Virgin (detail) - WGA13070.jpg |The ''[[Coronation of the Virgin]]'' (detail) (c. 1480)<br>Tempera on panel, 90.2 × 223 cm, [[National Gallery of Art]], [[Washington, D.C.]]
File:Filippino, annunciazione e santi, capodimonte.jpg | ''[[Annunciation with St John the Baptist and St Andrew]]'', c. 1485
File:Filippino lippi, apparizione, 05.jpg | ''[[Apparition of the Virgin to St Bernard (Filippino Lippi)|Apparition of the Virgin to St. Bernard]]'' (detail) (1486)<br>Oil on panel, 210 × 195 cm, Church of Badia, Florence
File:Filippino lippi, apparizione, 01.jpg | ''Apparition of the Virgin to St Bernard'' (detail)
File:Filippino lippi, apparizione, 03.jpg | ''Apparition of the Virgin to St Bernard'' (detail)
File:Filippino lippi, Apparizione di Cristo alla Madonna 02.JPG | ''[[Apparition of Christ to the Virgin]]'' (c. 1493)<br>—Oil on panel, 156.1 × 146.7 cm, [[Alte Pinakothek]], Munich
File:Filippino Lippi - anjos sala degli Otto 2-1.jpg
File:Filippino Lippi Santo Spirito.jpg | ''[[Madonna with Child and Saints (Filippino Lippi)|Madonna with Child and Saints]]'' (c. 1488)<br>Oil on wood, Santo Spirito, Florence
</gallery>
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==Sien ook==
* [[Santa Maria del Carmine, Florence|Brancacci-kapel]]
* [[Santa Maria Novella|Strozzi-kapel]]
==Notas==
{{reflist}}
==Verwysings==
* ''The Development of the Italian Schools of Painting'', Volume 12, p. 371ff., Raimond van Marle, Hacker Art Books, New York 1970.
==Verdere leeswerk==
===Historiese [[roman]]s===
*Linda Proud, ''A Tabernacle for the Sun'' (Godstow Press, 2005), die letterkundige roman speel af in Florence tydens die Pazzi-sameswering en volg nougeset die feite. Filippino word in die roman voorgestel as die nabye vriend van die verteller, Tommaso dei Maffei, asook in die volgende twee romans van die ''The Botticelli Trilogy''.
*Linda Proud, ''Pallas and the Centaur'' (Godstow Press, 2004, handel met die nasleep van die Pazzi-sameswering en Lorenzo de' Medici se gespanne verhoudings met sy vrou en met Poliziano.
* Linda Proud, ''The Rebirth of Venus'' (Godstow Press, 2008), die finale volume van ''The Botticelli Trilogy'', dit speel af tydens die 1490's en die dood van Lorenzo.
* Linda Proud, ''A Gift for the Magus'' (Godstow Press, 2012), 'n roman oor Fra Filippo Lippi en Cosimo de' Medici. Dit speel af gedurende Filippino se geboorte en jeug.
==Eksterne skakels==
{{Commons category|Filippino Lippi}}
* [http://www.officinapratese.com Exhibition ''Da Donatello a Lippi. Officina Pratese''] by Museo Civico di Palazzo Pretorio in [[Prato]] (September 2013 - Januarie 2014)
* [http://www.virtualuffizi.com/uffizi1/artista.asp?Autore=Filippino+Lippi Werke deur Filippino Lippi by die [[Uffizi|Uffizi Galery]] in [[Florence]]]
*[https://www.nga.gov/collection/artist-info.1488.html Filippino Lippi by die ''Nasionale Kunsgalery]
{{Normdata}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lippi, Filippino}}
[[Kategorie:Italiaanse skilders]]
[[Kategorie:Geboortes in 1457]]
[[Kategorie:Sterftes in 1504]]
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