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'''Filippino Lippi''' ([[Prato]], [[April]] [[1457]] – [[Florence]], [[18 April]] [[1504]]) was 'n Italiaanse skilder wat tydens die latere jare van die [[Renaissance|Vroeë renaissance]] en vir die eerste paar jare van die [[Renaissance|Hoë Renaissance]] in [[Florence]], Italië, werksaam was.
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Filippino Lippi was born in [[Prato]], [[Tuscany]], the illegitimate son of the painter [[Fra Filippo Lippi]] and [[Lucrezia Buti]]. Filippino first trained under his father. They moved to [[Spoleto]], where Filippino served as workshop [[Adjuvant#Other uses|adjuvant]] in the construction of the [[Cathedral (Spoleto)|Cathedral]]. When his father died in 1469, he completed the [[frescoes]] with ''Storie della Vergine'' (''Histories of the Virgin'') in the cathedral. Filippino Lippi completed his apprenticeship in the workshop of [[Sandro Botticelli|Botticelli]], who had been a pupil of Filippino's father. In 1472 the records of the painters' guild record that Botticelli had only Filippino Lippi as an assistant.
His first works greatly resemble those of Botticelli, but with less sensitivity and subtlety. The very first ones (dating from 1475 onwards) were initially attributed to an anonymous "Amico di Sandro" ("Friend of Botticelli"). Eventually Lippi's style evolved into a more personal and effective one over the years 1480–1485. Works of the early period include: the ''Madonnas'' of Berlin, London and Washington, the ''Journeys of Tobia'' of the [[Galleria Sabauda]], Turin, the ''Madonna of the Sea'' of [[Galleria dell'Accademia]], Florence, and the ''Histories of Ester''.
Filippino Lippi is gebore in [[Prato]], [[Toskane]] as die buite-egtelike seun van die skilder [[Fra Filippo Lippi]] en Lucrezia Buti. Filippino het aanvanklik opleiding van sy vader ontvang. Hulle het verhuis na [[Spoleto]], waar Filippino in sy vader se werkswinkel gewerk het tydens die konstruksie van die Katedraal. Toe sy vader in 1469 oorlede is het hy die fresko's in die katerdaal voltooi met ''Storie della Vergine'' (''Historieë van die Maagd''). Filippino Lippi het sy vakleerlingskap voltooi in die werkswinkel van [[Sandro Botticelli|Botticelli]], wat 'n leerling van sy vader van Filippino was. In 1472 het die rekords van die skildersgilde aangetoon dat Botticelli slegs Filippino Lippi as assistent gehad het.
TogetherSy witheerste werke lyk baie soos dié van Botticelli, maar met minder sensitiwiteit en subtiliteit. Die heel eerstes (wat vanuit 1475 dateer) is aanvanklik toegeskryf aan 'n anonieme "Amico di Sandro" ("Vriend van Botticelli"). Uiteindelik het Lippi se styl in die jare 1480–1485 tot 'n meer persoonlike en effektiewe styl ontwikkel. Werke uit die vroeë periode sluit in: die ''Madonnas'' van Berlyn, Londen en Washington, die ''Reise van Tobias'' in die Galleria Sabauda, Turyn, die ''Madonna van die See'' in die [[Galleria dell'Accademia]], Florence, en die ''Historieë van Ester''. Saam met [[Pietro Perugino|Perugino]], [[Domenico Ghirlandaio|Ghirlandaio]] anden Botticelli, het Lippi workedaan ondie thefresko-versiering frescoed decoration ofvan [[Lorenzo de ' Medici]]'s se villa atin Spedaletto gewerk. On DecemberOp 31, Desember 1482, hekry washy commissionedopdrag toom decorate'n amuur wallvan of thedie Sala dell'Udienza ofvan die [[Palazzo Vecchio]] in [[Florence]] te versier, adie workwerk neverhet begunegter nooit 'n aanvang geneem nie. SoonKort afterdaarna, probablywaarskynlik in 1483–84, heis washy calledgevra to completeom [[Tommaso Masaccio|Masaccio]]'s decorationse ofversiering thevan die [[Brancacci Chapel-kapel]] in thedie [[churchkerk ofvan Santa Maria del Carmine di Firenze|church ofkerk thevan Carminedie Karmelite]], thatte hadvoltooi, beenwat leftby unfinisheddie atdood thevan artist'sdie deathkunstenaar in 1428 onvoltooid gelaat is. HereHier hehet paintedhy ''StoriesVerhale ofvan SaintSint Peter'',Petrus" in thedie followingvolgende frescoesfresko's geskilder: ''QuarrelRusie withmet Simon Magus in facedie aangesig ofvan Nero'', ''ResurrectionOpstanding ofvan thedie SonSeun ofvan Teophilus'', ''Saint PeterSint JailedPetrus word gevange geneem'', ''LiberationBevryding'' anden die ''CrucifixionKruisiging ofvan SaintSint PeterPetrus''.
Lippi's workse werk onaan thedie Sala degli Otto di Pratica, in thedie [[Palazzo Vecchio]], wasis completedvoltooi on Februaryop 20, Februarie 1486. <ref>Rowlands, Eliot W., and Marilyn Bradshaw. "Lippi family." Grove Art Online. January 01, 2003. Oxford University Press.</ref> ItDit is nownou in thedie [[Uffizi|Uffizi GalleryGalery]]. AtOngeveer abouthierdie thistyd time,het Piero di Francesco del Pugliese askedhom gevra himom todie paintaltaarstuk thete altarpieceskilder withmet thedie ''[[ApparitionVerskyning ofvan thedie VirginMaagd toaan StSint Bernard (Filippino Lippi)|Apparition of the Virgin to St. Bernard]]'', whichwat is nownou in thedie [[Badia Fiorentina]], Florence is. ThisDit is Lippi'sdie mostgewildste popularskilderwerk picture:deur a composition of unreal items, with its very particular elongated figures, backed by a phantasmagorical scenario of rocks and almost anthropomorphic trunksLippi. TheDie workwerk isdateer dated touit 1485–1487. <ref>Rowlands, Eliot W., and Marilyn Bradshaw. "Lippi family." Grove Art Online. January1 01,Januarie 2003. Oxford University Press.</ref>
Later, hehet workedhy forvir Tanai de ' Nerli in Florence's [[se Santo Spirito, Florence|Santokerk Spirito]]gewerk. church.
OnOp 21 April 21, 1487, het Filippo Strozzi askedhom himgevra toom decorate thedie Strozzi family chapel-familiekapel in [[Santa Maria Novella]] withte versier met ''StoriesVerhale ofvan St.Sint JohnJohannes Evangelistdie andEvangelis St.en PhilipSint Philippi''. HeHy workedhet on this commission intermittently,langdurig overaan ahierdie longkommissie timegewerk. HeHy onlyhet completeddit iteers in 1503, afterná Strozzi's deathse dood, voltooi. TheDie windowsvensters withmet musicalmusikale themestemas, in the samedieselfde chapelkapel, alsowat designedook byontwerp is deur Filippino, wereis completedvoltooi betweentussen JuneJunie anden JulyJulie 1503. TheseHierdie paintingsskilderye cankan begesien seenword as a'n mirrorspieëlbeeld ofvan thedie politicalpolitiese anden religiousgodsdienstige crisiskrisis in Florence destyds: atdie thetema time:van thedie themefresko ofnaamlik, thedie fresco,botsing thetussen clash betweendie [[ChristianityChristendom]] anden [[Paganism]]die Heidendom, wasis hotlyhewig debatedbespreek in thedie Florence ofvan [[Girolamo Savonarola]] se tyd.
Filippino beeld sy karakters uit in 'n landskap waarin die [[antieke wêreld]] in die fynste besonderhede herskep is, en toon die invloed van die Grottesco-styl wat hy in [[Rome]] waargeneem het. Op hierdie manier het hy 'n "geanimeerde", geheimsinnige, fantastiese, maar onrusbarende styl geskep, wat die onwerklikheid van nagmerrie ten toon stel. Dus het Filippino meedoënlose eksekuteurs met die iesegrimmige gesigte uitgebeeld wat teen die heiliges gewoed het. In die toneel van ''St. Philippi wat 'n monster uit die tempel verdryf '' word die standbeeld van die [[heidendom|heidense]] god voorgestel as 'n lewende figuur wat lyk asof dit die Christelike heilige uitdaag.
Filippino depicted his characters in a landscape which recreated the [[ancient world]] in its finest details, showing the influence of the [[Grotesque#Etymology_in_Renaissance|Grottesco]] style he had seen on his time in [[Rome]]. In this way he created an "animated", mysterious, fantastic but disquieting style, showing the unreality of nightmare. Thus, Filippino portrayed ruthless executioners with the grimmest of faces, who raged against the [[Saint]]s. In the scene of ''St. Philip expelling a monster from the temple'', the statue of the [[paganism|pagan]] god is represented as a living figure which seems to dare the Christian saint.
In 1488, het Lippi went tona [[Rome]], wherevertrek waar [[Lorenzo de' 'Medici]] haddie advised Cardinalkardinaal [[Oliviero Carafa]] toaangeraai entrusthet himom withhom themet decorationdie ofversiering thevan die [[Carafa Chapel|family chapel]]familiekapel in [[Santa Maria sopra Minerva]] toe te vertrou. TheseHierdie frescoesfresko's showtoon a new'n kindnuwe ofsoort inspirationinspirasie, quiteheeltemal differentanders fromas hissy earliervorige workswerke, butmaar confirmbevestig Lippi's continuedse researchvoortgesette onnavorsing theoor themesdie oftemas thevan Ancientdie Antieke era. HeHy finishedhet thedie cyclesiklus byteen 1493 voltooi.
Lippi's returnse toterugkeer na Florence tookhet plaasgevind place--thedie datedatum isword betwis disputed--atop 'n somesekere timedatum betweentussen 1491 anden 1494. WorksWerke ofuit thishierdie periodtydperk includesluit in: ''[[ApparitionVerskyning ofvan ChristChristus toaan die Madonna|Apparition of Christ to the Virgin]]'' (c. 1493, nownou in [[MunichMünchen]]), ''[[AdorationAanbidding ofdeur thedie Magi (Filippino Lippi)|Adoration of the Magi]]Wyses'' (1496, forvir thedie churchkerk ofvan San Donato in Scopeto, nownou in thedie [[ Uffizi]]), ''SacrificeOffer ofvan Laocoön'' (endaan ofdie theeinde centuryvan die eeu, forvir thedie villa ofvan [[Lorenzo de' 'Medici]] atby Poggio a Caiano), ''St.Johannes Johndie BaptistDoper anden Maddalena'' (Valori Chapel-kapel in San Procolo, Florence, inspiredwat toin some'n waymate extentgeïnspireer byis deur [[Luca Signorelli]]'s artse kuns).
HeHy alsohet workedook outsidebuite thedie areaomgewing ofvan hissy hometuisstad city,gewerk onaan thedie Certosa, or Chapterhouse, in [[Pavia]] anden in [[Prato]], wherewaar hy in 1503 hedie completed''Tabernakel van thedie Kersfeeslied''Tabernacle ofvoltooi thehet Christmaswat Song'', nownou in thedie Citystadsmuseum Museumis; in 1501 Lippihet paintedLippi thedie ''MysticMistieke WeddingTroue ofvan St.Sint CatherineKatrina'' forvir thedie [[BasilicaBasiliek ofvan San Domenico]] in [[Bologna]] geskilder.
Lippi's finalse finale workwerk was the die ''[[Deposition (Annunziata)|Deposition]]'' forvir thedie Santissima Annunziata-kerk church,in Florence, whichwat atna hissy deathdood in April 1504 steeds onvoltooid was. AL die werkswinkel in die stad was op die dag van Lippi se begrafnis gesluit as eerbetoon en vanwee sy beroemdheid en unfinishedreputasie.
Because of Lippi's fame and reputation, on the day of his burial all the workshops of the city closed for him.
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==Grootste werke==
* ''Die Kroning van die Maagd'' (c. 1480)<small>—Tempera op paneel, 90.2 × 223 cm, Nasionale Kunsgalery, [[Washington, D.C.]] </small>
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