Islamitiese Staat: Verskil tussen weergawes
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k Robot: standardiseer verwysingsjablone en voeg argiefskakels in. |
k Robot: standardiseer verwysingsjablone en voeg argiefskakels in. |
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Lyn 7:
|simbool_tipe = Seël
|beeld_kaart = Territorial control of the ISIS.svg
|leuse = باقية وتتمدد<br />''Bāqiyah wa-Tatamaddad''<br /><small>''([[Arabies]] vir: "Oorblywend en uitbreiding")''</small><ref name="national11june">{{cite news |work=The National |last=Hassan |first=Hassan |url=http://www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/comment/political-reform-in-iraq-will-stem-the-rise-of-islamists#full |title=Political reform in Iraq will stem the rise of Islamists |date=11 Junie 2014 |access-date=18 Junie 2014 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206144939/http://www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/comment/political-reform-in-iraq-will-stem-the-rise-of-islamists |archive-date=6 Februarie 2017 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="carnegie12june">{{cite news |publisher=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace |last=Khatib |first=Lina |date=12 Junie 2014 |url=http://carnegieendowment.org/2014/06/12/what-takeover-of-mosul-means-for-isis/hdng |title=What the Takeover of Mosul Means for ISIS |access-date=18 Junie 2014 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504231121/https://carnegieendowment.org/2014/06/12/what-takeover-of-mosul-means-for-isis/hdng |archive-date=4 Mei 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|volkslied = ''geen''
|amptelike_tale = [[Arabies]]
|hoofstad = [[Ar-Raqqah]], Sirië ''([[de facto]])''<ref>{{cite news |publisher=Al-Monitor |url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/security/2014/06/syria-iraq-isis-invasions-strength.html |title=ISIS on offense in Iraq |date=10 Junie 2014 |access-date=11 Junie 2014 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190622154517/https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/security/2014/06/syria-iraq-isis-invasions-strength.html |archive-date=22 Junie 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/how-did-isis-kidnap-james-foley-2014-8 |title=One Big Question Surrounds The Murder Of US Journalist James Foley By ISIS |work=Business Insider |last=Kelley |first=Michael B. |date=20 Augustus 2014 |access-date=20 Augustus 2014 |quote="...the de facto ISIS capital of Raqqa, Syria..." |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009121855/https://www.businessinsider.com/how-did-isis-kidnap-james-foley-2014-8 |archive-date=9 Oktober 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
{{Koördinate|35|57|N|39|1|O}}
|latd = 35
Lyn 21:
|regeringsvorm = Selfverklaarde [[kalifaat]]
|leiertitels = • Selfverklaarde kalief
|leiername = "Ibrahim" Abu Bakr<br />al-Baghdadi<ref name="Caliph Ibrahim">{{cite news |last1=Rubin |first1=Alissa J. |title=Militant Leader in Rare Appearance in Iraq |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/06/world/asia/iraq-abu-bakr-al-baghdadi-sermon-video.html |access-date=6 Julie 2014 |work=The New York Times |date=5 Julie 2014 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320094524/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/06/world/asia/iraq-abu-bakr-al-baghdadi-sermon-video.html |archive-date=20 Maart 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="Ibrahim">{{cite news |url=http://news.siteintelgroup.com/Jihadist-News/isis-spokesman-declares-caliphate-rebrands-group-as-islamic-state.html |title=ISIS Spokesman Declares Caliphate, Rebrands Group as Islamic State |date=29 Junie 2014 |access-date=29 Junie 2014 |publisher=SITE Institute |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504231318/https://news.siteintelgroup.com/Jihadist-News/isis-spokesman-declares-caliphate-rebrands-group-as-islamic-state.html |archive-date=4 Mei 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|oppervlak_rang =
|oppervlak_grootte =
Lyn 47:
|onafhanklikheidstipe = Vorming
|onafhanklikheidsgebeure = • Islamitiese Staat verklaar<br />• Kalifaat verklaar
|onafhanklikheidsdatums = <br /><br />[[3 Januarie]] [[2014]]<ref name="Voice of America">{{cite web |url=http://www.voanews.com/content/iraqi-city-in-hands-of-alqaidalinked-militants/1823591.html |title=Iraqi City in Hands of Al-Qaida-Linked Militants |publisher=Voice of America |date=4 Januarie 2014 |access-date=16 Januarie 2014 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404051127/http://www.voanews.com/content/iraqi-city-in-hands-of-alqaidalinked-militants/1823591.html |archive-date=4 April 2016 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="United Muslim Association of America">{{cite web |url=http://www.umaamerica.net/sites/default/files/2014_06_19_UADV_TheIraqCrisis_FINAL.pdf |title=The Crisis in Iraq |publisher=UMAA |date=18 Junie 2014 |access-date=29 Augustus 2014 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903095038/http://www.umaamerica.net/sites/default/files/2014_06_19_UADV_TheIraqCrisis_FINAL.pdf |archive-date=3 September 2014 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />[[29 Junie]] [[2014]]
|MOI =
|MOI_rang =
Lyn 72:
ISIS is in 1999 as 'n splintergroep van [[Al-Kaïda]] gestig na die omverwerping van [[Saddam Hoesein]] in Irak. Al-Kaïda het hom later van die groep gedistansieer omdat dit volgens hulle te ekstremisties is. Hulle pas sjaria-wette streng toe (kap diewe se hande af, lyfstraf vir mans wat drink en vroue sonder kopdoeke). Hulle het ook verskeie video's vrygestel waarin hulle joernaliste en ander gevangenes onthoof, soos van die [[onthoofding van 21 Koptiese Christene in Libië]].
Die organisasie is deur die [[Verenigde Nasies]], die [[Verenigde State van Amerika]], die [[Verenigde Koninkryk]] en verskeie ander lande as 'n terroriste-organisasie verklaar. Volgens [[Amnestie Internasionaal]] is die groep skuldig aan etniese suiwering op 'n historiese skaal. Teen Junie 2014 het meer as een miljoen Irakiërs al as gevolg van ISIS se gewelddadige aanslag uit hulle huise gevlug.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=85afLXzwVF0 |title=1,000,000 Iraqis Have Fled Their Homes As ISIS Continues Armed Siege |author=[[YouTube]] |date=20 Junie 2014 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416011414/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=85afLXzwVF0 |archive-date=16 April 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://nos.nl/video/662193-miljoen-irakezen-vluchten-voor-isis.html |title=Miljoen Irakezen vluchten voor ISIS |author=Nederlandse Omroep Stichting |date=17 Junie 2014 |language=nl |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009121900/https://nos.nl/video/662193-miljoen-irakezen-vluchten-voor-isis.html |archive-date=9 Oktober 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
In Julie 2017 het die groep beheer oor sy grootste stad, [[Mosul]], aan die Irakse weermag verloor.<ref name=":6">{{cite news |url=http://www.presstv.ir/Detail/2017/07/11/528164/Lebanon-Hezbollah-Nasrallah-Mosul-liberation-Daesh-terrorists-Middle-East |title=PressTV-'US created, allowed regional funding of Daesh' |date=11 Julie 2017 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815124708/http://presstv.ir:80/Detail/2017/07/11/528164/Lebanon-Hezbollah-Nasrallah-Mosul-liberation-Daesh-terrorists-Middle-East |archive-date=15 Augustus 2017 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Na aanleiding van hierdie groot nederlaag het ISIL grondgebied aan die verskillende state en ander militêre magte wat daaraan gekoppel is, verloor, totdat dit teen November 2017 geen betekenisvolle grondgebied beheer het nie.<ref name="territorial-losses">[http://iswresearch.blogspot.ca/2017/08/russian-airstrikes-in-syria-july-17.html Russia's Syria Mirage] Institute for Study of War website. By Matti Suomenaro, et al. 13 Augustus 2017. Besoek op 3 Maart 2018.</ref> Amerikaanse militêre amptenare en gelyktydige militêre ontledings het in Desember 2017 gerapporteer dat die groep net 2 persent van die grondgebied wat hulle voorheen gehad het, behou het.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fox32chicago.com/news/dont-miss/isis-has-lost-98-percent-of-its-territory-officials-say |title=ISIS has lost 98 percent of its territory, officials say |last=FOX |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401044309/http://www.fox32chicago.com/news/dont-miss/isis-has-lost-98-percent-of-its-territory-officials-say |archive-date=1 April 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Op 10 Desember 2017 het Irak se eerste minister, Haider al-Abadi, gesê dat Irakse magte die laaste oorblyfsels van die Islamitiese staat van die land verdryf het, drie jaar nadat die militante groep omtrent 'n derde van die gebied van Irak gevang het.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theage.com.au/world/islamic-state-completely-evicted-from-iraq-iraqi-pm-says-20171210-h01x2r.html |title=Islamic State completely 'evicted' from Iraq, Iraqi PM says |date=9 Desember 2017 |website=The Age |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515232118/https://www.theage.com.au/world/islamic-state-completely-evicted-from-iraq-iraqi-pm-says-20171210-h01x2r.html |archive-date=15 Mei 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Teen 23 Maart 2019 het ISIL hul finale stukke beheerde gebied verloor en hul "tentstad" en gebiede in Al-Baghuz Fawqani aan die einde van die Slag van Baghuz Fawqani oorgegee.<ref>Philip Issa, Andrea Rosa en Maya Alleruzzo, ''US-allied Syrian force declares victory over Islamic State'', [[The Washington Post]]. 23 March 2019.</ref>
== Verwysings ==
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