Mohammad bin Salman: Verskil tussen weergawes

'''Mohammad bin Salman bin Abdoel Aziz al-Saoed''' ([[Arabies]]: محمد بن سلمان بن عبدالعزيز آل سعود, ''Muḥammad bin Salmān bin ‘Abd al-‘Azīz Āl Sa‘ūd''; gebore 31 Augustus 1985),<ref name="Al Jazeera 2017">{{cite web |title=Profile: Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman |publisher=Al Jazeera |date=21 Junie 2017 |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2017/06/profile-saudi-crown-prince-mohammed-bin-salman-170621130040539.html |access-date=2 Januarie 2018 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521094320/https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2017/06/profile-saudi-crown-prince-mohammed-bin-salman-170621130040539.html |archive-date=21 Mei 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia 2003">{{cite web |title=Ministries |website=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia – Washington, DC |date=30 April 2003 |url=https://www.saudiembassy.net/ministries |access-date=2 Januarie 2018 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513041511/https://saudiembassy.net/ministries |archive-date=13 Mei 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="BBC News 2017">{{cite web |title=Who is Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed? |work=BBC News |date=6 November 2017 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-40354415 |access-date=2 Januarie 2018 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200310104540/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-40354415 |archive-date=10 Maart 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> in die omgang bekend as '''MbS''',<ref>{{cite web |url=https://theintercept.com/2019/02/01/mohammed-bin-salman-saudi-arabia-entertainment/ |title=Mohammed bin Salman Is Running Saudi Arabia Like a Man Who Got Away With Murder |first=Sarah |last=Aziza |date=1 Februarie 2019 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200506134109/https://theintercept.com/2019/02/01/mohammed-bin-salman-saudi-arabia-entertainment/ |archive-date=6 Mei 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.trtworld.com/mea/is-trump-s-middle-east-policy-based-on-two-fragile-regional-allies-21895 |title=Is Trump's Middle East policy based on two fragile regional allies? |publisher=TRT World |last=Yasar |first=Abdulaziz Ahmet |date=23 November 2018 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521093829/https://www.trtworld.com/mea/is-trump-s-middle-east-policy-based-on-two-fragile-regional-allies-21895 |archive-date=21 Mei 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> is die kroonprins en onderpremier van [[Saoedi-Arabië]]<ref name="Mohammad bin Salman named new Saudi Crown Prince">{{cite web |title=Mohammad bin Salman named new Saudi Crown Prince |url=http://tass.com/world/952543 |agency=TASS |access-date=22 Junie 2017 |location=Beiroet |date=21 Junie 2017 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101010405/https://tass.com/world/952543 |archive-date=1 Januarie 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> (die koning is die premier). Hy is ook voorsitter van die Raad vir Ekonomiese en Ontwikkelingsake, voorsitter van die Raad vir Politieke en Veiligheidsake en minister van verdediging – die jongste ter wêreld toe hy aangestel is.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mohammed bin Nayef kingpin in new Saudi Arabia: country experts |url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/mohammed-bin-nayef-kingpin-new-saudi-arabia-country-experts-1500997678 |access-date=1 Februarie 2015 |work=Middle East Eye |date=1 Februarie 2015 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190127130215/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/mohammed-bin-nayef-kingpin-new-saudi-arabia-country-experts-1500997678 |archive-date=27 Januarie 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Hy is al beskryf as die mag agter die troon van sy pa, [[Salman van Saoedi-Arabië|koning Salman]].

Mohammad is in Junie 2017 as kroonprins aangestel<ref name="MirrorOct2017">{{cite web |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/saudi-arabia-return-moderate-open-11400298 |title=Saudi Arabia will return to moderate, open Islam and 'will destroy extremist ideas', says crown prince |author=Anthony Bond, Rachael Burford |date=24 Oktober 2017 |work=Daily Mirror |accessdate=24 Oktober 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024145900/http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/saudi-arabia-return-moderate-open-11400298 |archivedate= 24 Oktober 2017 |df= dmy-all }}</ref> ná die koning se besluit om sy broerskind [[Mohammad bin Najef]] uit alle regeringsampte te verwyder, waardeur hy MbS die aangewese troonopvolger gemaak het.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/06/21/middleeast/saudi-arabia-crown-prince/index.html |title=Saudi Arabia's king replaces nephew with son as heir to throne |first=Nicole Chavez, Tamara Qiblawi and James Griffiths |last=CNN |publisher=CNN |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200309102820/https://www.cnn.com/2017/06/21/middleeast/saudi-arabia-crown-prince/index.html |archive-date=9 Maart 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Raghavan |first1=Sudarsan |last2=Fahim |first2=Kareem |title=Saudi king names son as new crown prince, upending the royal succession line |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/saudi-king-names-son-as-new-crown-prince-upending-the-kingdoms-succession-line/2017/06/21/e66db88d-fecc-40fe-a902-7f9afa487de9_story.html?hpid=hp_hp-top-table-main_saudis230am%3Ahomepage%2Fstory |accessdate=21 Junie 2017 |work=The Washington Post |date=21 Junie 2017}}</ref>

MbS het verskeie geslaagde hervormings ingestel, onder meer regulasies om die mag van die godsdienspolisie te beperk,<ref name="NYToct16">{{cite news |last1=Mark Mazzetti |last2=Ben Hubbard |title=Rise of Saudi Prince Shatters Decades of Royal Tradition |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/16/world/rise-of-saudi-prince-shatters-decades-of-royal-tradition.html |access-date=17 Oktober 2016 |work=The New York Times |date=16 Oktober 2016 |page=A1 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200508201725/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/16/world/rise-of-saudi-prince-shatters-decades-of-royal-tradition.html |archive-date=8 Mei 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> die afskaffing van die verbod op vroulike motorbestuurders in Junie 2018,<ref name="economist">{{cite news |title=Saudi Arabia will finally allow women to drive |url=https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21729721-bigger-changes-are-needed-ultraconservative-kingdom-saudi-arabia-will |work=The Economist |date=27 September 2017 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180313233426/https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21729721-bigger-changes-are-needed-ultraconservative-kingdom-saudi-arabia-will |archive-date=13 Maart 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> die verslapping van die manlike-oppasserstelsel in Augustus 2019<ref name="alRasheed_second_victory">{{cite news |last1=al-Rasheed |first1=Madawi |last2= |first2= |pages= |title=Saudi women can now travel without consent – but this progress is fragile |trans-title= |date=2 Augustus 2019 |publisher= |newspaper=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/aug/02/saudi-arabia-women-travel-consent-rights-feminist-movement |access-date=2 Augustus 2019 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200516205423/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/aug/02/saudi-arabia-women-travel-consent-rights-feminist-movement |archive-date=16 Mei 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> en vele ander.

Ondanks lof vir sy stappe om Saoedi-Arabië sosiaal en ekonomies te bevry, is internasionale kommentators en [[menseregte]]groepe soms krities teenoor sy leierskap en die tekortkomings in sy hervormingsprogram. Van die sake wat genoem word, is die toenemende getal aanhoudings en beweerde martelings van menseregteaktiviste,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/saudi-arabia-denies-rights-activists-tortured-and-sexually-harassed-jail-2116108972 |title=Saudi Arabia denies rights activists tortured and sexually harassed in jail |publisher=Middle East Eye |date=24 November 2018 |access-date=24 November 2018 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181125073907/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/saudi-arabia-denies-rights-activists-tortured-and-sexually-harassed-jail-2116108972 |archive-date=25 November 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> die Arabiese bombardering van [[Jemen]] onder sy aanvoering wat in 2018/2019 kon lei tot die dood van 13 miljoen sterftes weens [[hongersnood]],<ref name="LiseGrande_worldworstfamine100yrs">{{cite news |last1=Summers |first1=Hannah |title=Yemen on brink of 'world's worst famine in 100 years' if war continues |date=15 Oktober 2018 |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2018/oct/15/yemen-on-brink-worst-famine-100-years-un |access-date=21 Oktober 2018 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200422071013/https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2018/oct/15/yemen-on-brink-worst-famine-100-years-un |archive-date=22 April 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> en die sluipmoord op die Arabiese [[andersdenkende]] [[Jamal Khashoggi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/mohammed-bin-salman-saudi-arabias-prince-of-chaos_us_594acf7ee4b092ed90588b3c|title=Mohammed Bin Salman, Saudi Arabia's Prince Of Chaos|last=Hearst|first=David|date=21 Junie 2017|website=HuffPost|access-date=19 November 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171118191307/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/mohammed-bin-salman-saudi-arabias-prince-of-chaos_us_594acf7ee4b092ed90588b3c|archivedate=18 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://medium.com/@MiddleEastEye/mohammed-bin-salman-saudi-arabias-prince-of-chaos-f542574d9165 |title=Mohammed bin Salman, Saudi Arabia’s prince of chaos |last=Eye |first=Middle East |date=22 Junie 2017 |website=Medium |access-date=19 November 2017 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103111031/https://medium.com/@MiddleEastEye/mohammed-bin-salman-saudi-arabias-prince-of-chaos-f542574d9165 |archive-date=3 Januarie 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="NYToct16" /> Waarnemers het hom al beskryf as ’n [[Outokrasie|outokratiese]] leier wat geen teenstand teen hom of die Saoediese koninklike familie duld nie.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2018/10/24/the-myth-of-the-modernizing-dictator/ |title=The myth of the modernizing dictator |last=Kagan |first=Robert |date=24 Oktober 2018 |website=Brookings |access-date=1 April 2019 |language=Engels |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227232048/https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2018/10/24/the-myth-of-the-modernizing-dictator/ |archive-date=27 Desember 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>