Punjabi's: Verskil tussen weergawes

| bevolking = ca. 120 miljoen<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ethnologue.com/21/language/pan/ |title=Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 21st edition, Punjabi, Eastern |publisher=[[Ethnologue]] |access-date=3 Augustus 2019 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190803190007/http://www.ethnologue.com/21/language/pan/ |archive-date=3 Augustus 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ethnologue.com/21/language/pnb/ |title=Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 21st edition, Punjabi, Western |publisher=[[Ethnologue]] |access-date=3 Augustus 2019 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190803190007/http://www.ethnologue.com/21/language/pnb/ |archive-date=3 Augustus 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language-2011/Statement-1.pdf|title=2011 Indian census|format=PDF|website=Censusindia.gov.in|accessdate=3 Augustus 2019}}</ref>

| plek = {{vlagland|Pakistan}} 91&nbsp;454&nbsp;609<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pk.html |title=Pakistan |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=3 Augustus 2019 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524220650/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pk.html |archive-date=24 Mei 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/pakistan-population/ |title=Pakistan Population (2019) |website=Worldometers.info |access-date=3 Augustus 2019 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522171857/https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/pakistan-population/ |archive-date=22 Mei 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />

{{vlagland|Verenigde Koninkryk}} 700&nbsp;000<ref>{{cite web |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200607/cmhansrd/cm061205/halltext/61205h0001.htm |title=Punjabi Community |first=John |last=McDonnell |work=House of Commons |date=5 Desember 2006 |access-date=3 Augustus 2019 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028112252/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200607/cmhansrd/cm061205/halltext/61205h0001.htm |archive-date=28 Oktober 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />

{{vlagland|Kanada}} 668&nbsp;240<ref>{{cite web |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census, Canada |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=01&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchText=Canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Language&TABID=1 |website=Government of Canada, Statistics Canada |date=8 Februarie 2017 |access-date=3 Augustus 2019 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210170531/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E |archive-date=10 Desember 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />

{{vlagland|Verenigde State}} 253&nbsp;740<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www2.census.gov/library/data/tables/2008/demo/language-use/2009-2013-acs-lang-tables-nation.xls |title=US Census Bureau ''American Community Survey (2009–2013)'' See Row #62 |website=2.census.gov |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827215803/https://www2.census.gov/library/data/tables/2008/demo/language-use/2009-2013-acs-lang-tables-nation.xls |archive-date=27 Augustus 2017 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />

{{vlagland|Australië}} 132&nbsp;496<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/2071.0~2016~Main%20Features~Cultural%20Diversity%20Article~20 |title=Top ten languages spoken at home in Australia |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010103419/http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/2071.0~2016~Main%20Features~Cultural%20Diversity%20Article~20 |archive-date=10 Oktober 2017 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />

{{vlagland|Maleisië}} 56&nbsp;400<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/MY |title=Malaysia |publisher=[[Ethnologue]] |access-date=3 Augustus 2019 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521162045/https://www.ethnologue.com/country/MY |archive-date=21 Mei 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />

{{vlagland|Libië}} 54&nbsp;000<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/LY |title=Libya |publisher=[[Ethnologue]] |access-date=3 Augustus 2019 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808125722/https://www.ethnologue.com/country/LY |archive-date=8 Augustus 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />

{{vlagland|Bangladesj}} 23&nbsp;700<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/BD |title=Bangladesh |publisher=[[Ethnologue]] |access-date=3 Augustus 2019 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214083657/https://www.ethnologue.com/country/BD |archive-date=14 Desember 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><br /> {{vlagland|Nieu-Seeland}} 19&nbsp;752<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stats.govt.nz/~/media/Statistics/Census/2013%20Census/data-tables/totals-by-topic/totals-by-topic-tables.xls |title=Archived copy |access-date=17 Maart 2014 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011140014/http://www.stats.govt.nz/~/media/Statistics/Census/2013%20Census/data-tables/totals-by-topic/totals-by-topic-tables.xls |archive-date=11 Oktober 2017 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />

{{vlagland|Nepal}} 10&nbsp;000<ref>{{cite web |url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/wphc/Nepal/Nepal-Census-2011-Vol1.pdf |format=PDF |title=National Population and Housing Census 2011 |website=Unstats.unorg |access-date=3 Augustus 2019 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210183547/https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/wphc/Nepal/Nepal-Census-2011-Vol1.pdf |archive-date=10 Februarie 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Die '''Punjabi's''' of '''Panjabi's''' ([[Pandjabi]]: پنجابی, ਪੰਜਾਬੀ) is 'n [[Indo-Ariese tale|Indo-Ariese]] [[etniese groep]] met hul tuiste in [[Punjab]] van [[Suid-Asië]], meer spesifiek in die noordelike deel van die [[Indiese subkontinent]], vandag verdeel tussen [[Punjab, Indië]] en [[Punjab, Pakistan]]. Hulle praat Pandjabi, 'n Indo-Ariese taal.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book|title=Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World|url=https://books.google.de/books?id=F2SRqDzB50wC&pg=PA522&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false|year=2010|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-08-087775-4|pages=522–523|accessdate=3 Augustus 2019}}</ref> Die naam Punjab beteken letterlik "land van vyf riviere" in [[Persies]]: ''panj'' ("vyf") ''āb'' ("water" of "rivier").<ref>{{en}} {{cite book|last=Gandhi|first=Rajmohan|title=Punjab: A History from Aurangzeb to Mountbatten|year=2013|publisher=Aleph Book Company|location=New Delhi, India, Urbana, [[Illinois]]|isbn=978-93-83064-41-0}}</ref> Die naam van die streek is deur die Turks-Persiese veroweraars van die Indiese subkontinent gevestig.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book|last=Canfield|first=Robert L.|title=Persia in Historical Perspective|year=1991|page=1 ("Origins")|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=[[Cambridge]], Verenigde Koninkryk|isbn=978-0-521-52291-5}}</ref> Na Punjab word in beide Indië en Pakistan dikwels as die broodmandjie verwys.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://in.reuters.com/article/india-election-punjab/punjab-bread-basket-of-india-hungers-for-change-idINDEE80S02520120130 |work=Reuters |title=Punjab, bread basket of India, hungers for change |date=30 Januarie 2012 |access-date=3 Augustus 2019 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207072811/https://in.reuters.com/article/india-election-punjab/punjab-bread-basket-of-india-hungers-for-change-idINDEE80S02520120130 |archive-date=7 Desember 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://water.columbia.edu/2012/03/07/columbia-water-center-released-new-whitepaper-restoring-groundwater-in-punjab-indias-breadbasket/ |title=Columbia Water Center Released New Whitepaper: "Restoring Groundwater in Punjab, India's Breadbasket" – Columbia Water Center |publisher=Water.columbia.edu |date=7 Maart 2012 |access-date=3 Augustus 2019 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222211004/http://water.columbia.edu/2012/03/07/columbia-water-center-released-new-whitepaper-restoring-groundwater-in-punjab-indias-breadbasket/ |archive-date=22 Desember 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/aug/05/pakistan-flood-spreads-punjab-sindh |title=Pakistan flood: Sindh braces as water envelops southern Punjab |work=Guardian |date=6 Augustus 2010 |access-date=3 Augustus 2019 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200405223517/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/aug/05/pakistan-flood-spreads-punjab-sindh |archive-date=5 April 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Tradisioneel is die Punjabi-identiteit veral deur taalkundige, geografiese en kulturele eienskappe gekenmerk. Die identiteit is onafhanklik van die historiese of godsdienstige agtergrond, en verwys na diegene wat in Punjab bly, of met sy bevolking assosieer, en Pandjabi as hul [[moedertaal]] beskou.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book|last=Thandi|first=edited by Pritam Singh, Shinder Singh|title=Punjabi identity in a global context|year=1999|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Nieu-Delhi|isbn=978-0-19-564864-5}}</ref> Integrasie en assimilasie is belangrike dele van die Punjabi-kultuur, sedert die Punjabi-identiteit nie alleenlik op stamverbindings gebaseer is nie. Alle Punjabi's deel min of meer dieselfde kulturele agtergrond.<ref>{{en}} {{cite journal|last=Singh|first=Prtiam|title=Globalisation and Punjabi Identity: Resistance, Relocation and Reinvention (Yet Again!)|journal=Journal of Punjab Studies|year=2012|volume= 19|issue= 2|pages=153–72|url=http://www.global.ucsb.edu/punjab/journal/v19_2/Singh.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.krysstal.com/langfams_indoeuro.html |title=Languages : Indo-European Family |website=Krysstal.com |access-date=12 Julie 2013 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200208190700/http://www.krysstal.com/langfams_indoeuro.html |archive-date=8 Februarie 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Histories was die Punjabi's 'n heterogene groep en verdeel in 'n aantal stamme, ''biradari'' (letterlik "broerskap") genoem, waarin elke persoon aan 'n stam gebonde was. Die Punjabi-identiteit sluit egter ook diegene in wat nie aan een van die historiese stamme behoort het nie. Met die verloop van tyd het die stamstrukture minder belangrik geword en is deur 'n meer samehangende<ref>{{en}} {{cite journal|last=Albert V.|first=Carron|author2=Lawrence R. Brawley |title=Cohesion: Conceptual and Measurement Issues|journal=Small Group Research|date=Desember 2012|volume=43|issue= 6|url=http://sgr.sagepub.com/content/43/6/726.full.pdf+html}}</ref> en holistiese samelewing vervang, met gemeenskapsbou en groepsamehorigheid<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oecd.org/dev/pgd/internationalconferenceonsocialcohesionanddevelopment.htm |title=International Conference on Social Cohesion and Development |publisher=[[OESO]] |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917033229/http://www.oecd.org:80/dev/pgd/internationalconferenceonsocialcohesionanddevelopment.htm |archive-date=17 September 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite journal|last=Mukherjee|first=Protap|author2=Lopamudra Ray Saraswati |title=Levels and Patterns of Social Cohesion and Its Relationship with Development in India: A Woman's Perspective Approach|journal=Ph.D. Scholars, Centre for the Study of Regional Development School of Social Sciences Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi – 110 067, India|date=20 Januarie 2011|url=http://www.oecd.org/dev/pgd/46839502.pdf}}</ref> as nuwe pilare van die Punjabi-samelewing.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book|last=Thandi|first=edited and introduced by Pritam Singh and Shinder S.|title=Globalisation and the region : explorations in Punjabi identity|year=1996|publisher=Association for Punjab Studies (UK)|location=Coventry, Verenigde Koninkryk|isbn=978-1-874699-05-7}}</ref> In relatiewe kontemporêre terme bestaan Punjabi's uit drie oorwegende subgroepe: Punjabi-[[Moslem]]s, Punjabi-Sikhs en Punjabi-Hindoes.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book|last=Gupta|first=S.K.|title=The Scheduled Castes in Modern Indian Politics: Their Emergence as a Political Context|pages=121–122|year=1985|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd|location=Nieu-Delhi, Indië}}</ref>