Magnetometer: Verskil tussen weergawes
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[[Lêer:Pioneer 10-11 - P50 - fx.jpg|duimnael|regs|Helium Vektor Magnetometer (HVM) van die [[Pioneer 10]] en [[Pioneer 11|11]] ruimtetuie]]
'n '''Magnetometer''' is 'n toestel wat die sterkte en rigting van magnetisme of die relatiewe verandering van 'n [[magneetveld]] by 'n spesifieke plek meet. Die meting van die magnetisme van magnetiese materiaal soos ''[[Ferromagnetisme|ferromagnet]]'' is 'n voorbeeld vir die gebruik van 'n magnetometer. 'n [[Kompas]] is 'n voorbeeld van 'n eenvoudige magnetometer, dit meet die rigting van 'n magnetiese veld; in die hierdie geval die [[Aarde]] se magnetiese veld.
Die eerste magnetometer wat die vermoë gehad het om absolute magnetiese intensiteit was deur [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]] uitgedink in 1883 en ander belangrike ontwikkelinge van die 19de eeu sluit die Hall-effek in, wat nog steeds gebruik word.
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Magnetometers are widely used for measuring the [[Earth's magnetic field]], and in [[geophysical survey]]s, to detect [[magnetic anomaly|magnetic anomalies]] of various types. In an aircraft's [[attitude and heading reference system]], they are commonly used as a [[Heading (navigation)|heading]] reference. Magnetometers are also used in the military to detect submarines. Consequently, some countries, such as the United States, Canada and Australia, classify the more sensitive magnetometers as military technology, and control their distribution.
Magnetometers can be used as [[metal detector]]s: they can detect only magnetic ([[ferrous]]) metals, but can detect such metals at a much larger depth than conventional metal detectors; they are capable of detecting large objects, such as cars, at tens of metres, while a metal detector's range is rarely more than 2 metres.
In recent years, magnetometers have been miniaturized to the extent that they can be incorporated in [[integrated circuit]]s at very low cost and are finding increasing use as miniaturized compasses ([[MEMS magnetic field sensor]]).
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