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Lyn 17: Die verbinding kom dikwels voor as een van sy hidrate, FeO(OH)·''n''H{{sub\|2}}O ([[roes]]). Die monohidraat FeO(OH)·H{{sub\|2}}O word dikwels na verwys as '''yster(III)hidroksied''' Fe(OH){{Sub\|3}}, '''gehidreerde ysteroksied''', of '''geel ysteroksied'''. == Natuurlike voorkoms == Yster(III)oksiedhidroksied kom natuurlik voor as struktureel-verskillende minerale wat aangedui word deur die Griekse letters α, β, γ en δ. * [[Goethiet]], α-FeO(OH), word sedert prehistoriese tye as [[Oker (kleurstof)\|oker]]pigment gebruik. Dit vorm ortorombiese kristalle in die [[ruimtegroep]] Pbnm.{{R\|Cornell2003}} * Akaganéïet, β-FeO(OH),{{R\|mack62}} word gevorm deur verwering en is bekend vir sy teenwoordigheid in sommige [[meteoriet]]e en die [[maan]]oppervlak. ~~Onlangs~~Daar is egter vasgestel dat dit 'n paar [[chloried]]ione moet bevat om die struktuur te stabiliseer, sodat die meer akkurate formule {{chem\|FeO\|0.833\|(OH)\|1.167\|Cl\|0.167}} is. Dit vorm monokliniese kristalle in ruimtegroep I2/m.{{R\|Cornell2003}} Teen verhitting ontbind β-FeOOH en herkristalliseer dit as α-{{chem\|Fe\|2\|O\|3}} ([[hematiet]]).{{R\|Mack60}} * Lepidokrosiet, die γ-vorm van FeO(OH), kom gewoonlik voor as roes aan die binnekant van staalwaterpype en -tenks. Dit vorm ook ortorombiese kristalle maar in die [[ruimtegroep]] Cmcm.{{R\|Cornell2003}} * Feroksihiet is δ-~~vorm~~FeO(OH) en word gevorm onder die hoë druk toestande van see- en oseaanvloere, en is [[Termodinamika\|termodinamies]] onstabiel ten opsigte van die α -polimorf (Goethiet) teen ~~oppervlaktetoestande~~oppervlaktoestande. Dit vorm seshoekige kristalle en die ruimtegroep is nie bepaal nie.{{R\|Cornell2003}} * Siderogel is 'n natuurlike [[Kolloïde\|kolloïdale]] vorm van FeO(OH). Goethiet en Lepidokrosiet, wat albei in 'n ortorombiese stelsel kristalliseer, is die mees algemene vorme van yster(III)oksiedhidroksied en die belangrikste bron van yster in minerale vorm. Line 37 ⟶ 36: * Limoniet is 'n algemene mengsel van hoofsaaklik goethiet, lepidokrosiet, [[kwarts]]- en [[klei]]minerale. *Ferrihidriet is 'n amorfies mineraal, amptelik ~~FeOOH•1~~FeO(OH)•1.8H{{sub\|2}}O maar eintlik met wydveranderlike hidrasie. == Gebruike == ~~<!--~~ Limoniet, 'n mengsel van verskillende hidrate en polimorfe van yster(III)oksiedhidroksied, is een van die drie belangrikste ysterertse wat sedert minstens 2 500 v.C. gebruik is.{{R\|MacEachern\|ANKH}} ~~== Struktuur ==~~ ~~Yster(III)oksiedhidroksied~~ ~~wat vyf [[allotroop\|allotrope]] besit. Vier daarvan is as mineral bekend:~~ Geel ysteroksied is goedgekeur vir voedsel- en geneesmiddeladministrasie vir gebruik in skoonheidsmiddels en word in sommige [[Tatoeëermerk\|tatoeëerbare]] ink gebruik. FeO(OH) word in die nywerheid as geel pigment vervaardig.{{R\|echa}} Geel oker (goudoker) is hoofsaaklik FeO(OH) in sy goethiet-vorm ~~#α-{{chem\|Fe\|O\|(OH)}} - [[Goethiet]] Pnma~~ ~~#β-{{chem\|Fe\|O\|(OH)}} - [[Lepidokrosiet]] Bbmm~~ Yster(III)oksiedhidroksied word ook in akwariumwaterbehandeling as [[fosfaat]]binder gebruik{{R\|Reef}} en nanodeeltjies daarvan is bestudeer as moontlike adsorberende materiaal vir die verwydering van [[lood]] uit water.{{R\|Rahimi2015}} ~~#γ-{{chem\|Fe\|O\|(OH)}} - Akaganéïet I2/m~~ ~~#δ-{{chem\|Fe\|O\|(OH)}} - P3m1~~ == Produksie == ~~#hoëdruk-{{chem\|Fe\|O\|(OH)}} - Pn2{{subb\|1}}m~~ Yster(III)oksiedhidroksied presipiteer uit oplossings van yster(III)soute teen 'n pH tussen 6,5 en 8.{{R\|Grundl1993}} Dus kan die oksiedhidroksied in die laboratorium verkry word deur 'n yster(III)sout, soos ysterchloried of ysternitraat, met [[natriumhidroksied]] te laat reageer:{{R\|Gayer1956}} ::FeCl{{Sub\|3}} + 3NaOH → Fe(OH){{Sub\|3}} + 3NaCl ::Fe(NO{{Sub\|3}}){{Sub\|3}} + 3NaOH → Fe(OH){{Sub\|3}} + 3NaNO{{Sub\|3}} ~~Hulle het almal min of meer [[Oktaëder\|oktaëdriese]] {{chem\|Fe\|O\|3\|(OH)\|3}}-eenhede maar hierdie is anders gerankskik.~~ ~~<ref>''The Iron Oxides: Structure, Properties, Reactions, Occurrences and Uses'' {{Outeur\|Rochelle M. Cornell, Udo Schwertmann}} John Wiley & Sons, 2003, ISBN 3527302743, ISBN 9783527302741</ref>~~ FeOOH word in die nywerheid as geel pigment vervaardig.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.051.890 \|title=echa.europe.eu \|language=el \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200508100513/https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.051.890 \|archive-date=8 Mei 2020 \|url-status=live \|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Geel oker (goudoker) is hoofsaaklik FeOOH in sy goethiet-vorm▼ ~~-->~~ == Verwysings == {{Verwysings\|verwysings= <ref name="ANKH">{{cite web \| last=Diop-Maes \|first=Louise Marie \| title=La question de l'Âge du fer en Afrique" ("Die vraag oor die ystertydperk in Afrika") \| website=ANKH: Egyptologie et Civilisations Africaines \| date=1996 \| url=http://www.ankhonline.com/revue/diop_lm_metallurgie_fer_afrique.htm \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080125103929/http://www.ankhonline.com/revue/diop_lm_metallurgie_fer_afrique.htm \| archive-date=25 Januarie 2008 \| url-status=live \|access-date=4 Januarie 2021 \|language=Frans}}</ref> <ref name="CB">{{webaanhaling\|url=http://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_EN_CB4243069.htm\|titel=chemicalbook}}</ref> <ref name="Cornell2003">{{cite book \| last1=Cornell \| first1=Rochelle M. \|last2=Schwertmann \|first2=Udo \| title=The iron oxides : structure, properties, reactions, occurrences, and uses \| publisher=Wiley-VCH \| publication-place=Weinheim \| year=2003 \| isbn=978-3-527-30274-1 \| oclc=85820161 \| language=Engels}}</ref> ▲~~FeOOH word in die nywerheid as geel pigment vervaardig.~~<ref name="echa">{{cite web \|url=https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.051.890 \|title=~~echa.europe.eu~~Subtance Infocard: Iron hydroxide oxide yellow \|language=elEngels \|website=European Chemicals Agency \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200508100513/https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.051.890 \|archive-date=8 Mei 2020 \|url-status=live \|dfaccess-date=~~dmy-all~~4 Januarie 2021}}</ref> ~~Geel oker (goudoker) is hoofsaaklik FeOOH in sy goethiet-vorm~~ <ref name="Gayer1956">{{cite journal \| last=Gayer \| first=K. H. \| last2=Woontner \| first2=Leo \| title=The Solubility of Ferrous Hydroxide and Ferric Hydroxide in Acidic and Basic Media at 25° \| journal=The Journal of Physical Chemistry \| publisher=American Chemical Society (ACS) \| volume=60 \| issue=11 \| year=1956 \| issn=0022-3654 \| doi=10.1021/j150545a021 \| pages=1569–1571 \|language=Engels}}</ref> <ref name="Grundl1993">{{cite journal \| last=Grundl \| first=Tim \| last2=Delwiche \| first2=Jim \| title=Kinetics of ferric oxyhydroxide precipitation \| journal=Journal of Contaminant Hydrology \| publisher=Elsevier BV \| volume=14 \| issue=1 \| year=1993 \| issn=0169-7722 \| doi=10.1016/0169-7722(93)90042-q \| pages=71–87 \|language=Engels}}</ref> <ref name="MacEachern">{{cite web \|url=http://www.panafprehistory.org/images/papers/IRON_AGE_BEGINNINGS_NORTH_OF_THE_MANDARA_MOUNTAINS_CAMEROON_AND_NIGERIA_Scott_MacEachern.pdf \|title=Iron Age beginnings north of the Mandara Mountains, Cameroon and Nigeria \|date=1996 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311184136/http://www.panafprehistory.org/images/papers/IRON_AGE_BEGINNINGS_NORTH_OF_THE_MANDARA_MOUNTAINS_CAMEROON_AND_NIGERIA_Scott_MacEachern.pdf \|archive-date=11 Maart 2012 \|url-status=dead}} ''in'' {{cite book \| editor1-last=Pwiti \| editor1-first=Gilbert \|editor2-last=Soper \|editor2-first=Robert \|title=Aspects of African archaeology : papers from the 10th Congress of the PanAfrican Association for Prehistory and Related Studies \| publisher=University of Zimbabwe Publications \| publication-place=Harare \| year=1996 \| isbn=978-0-908307-55-5 \| oclc=36393724 \|page=489-49}}</ref> <ref name="Mack60">{{cite journal \| last=Mackay \| first=A. L. \| title=β-Ferric Oxyhydroxide \| journal=Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society \| publisher=Mineralogical Society \| volume=32 \| issue=250 \| year=1960 \| issn=0369-0148 \| doi=10.1180/minmag.1960.032.250.04 \| pages=545–557 \|language=Engels}}</ref> <ref name="mack62">{{cite journal \| last=Mackay \| first=A. L. \| title=β-Ferric oxyhydroxide—akaganéite \| journal=Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society \| publisher=Mineralogical Society \| volume=33 \| issue=259 \| year=1962 \| issn=0369-0148 \| doi=10.1180/minmag.1962.033.259.02 \| pages=270–280\|language=Engels}}</ref> <ref name="Rahimi2015">{{cite journal \|last1=Rahimi \|first1=Safoora \|last2=Moattari \|first2=Rozita M. \|last3=Rajabi \|first3=Laleh \|last4=Derakhshan \|first4=Ali Ashraf \|last5=Keyhani \|first5=Mohammad \|title=Iron oxide/hydroxide (α,γ-FeOOH) nanoparticles as high potential adsorbents for lead removal from polluted aquatic media \|journal=Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry \|publisher=Elsevier BV \|volume=23 \|year=2015 \|issn=1226-086X \|doi=10.1016/j.jiec.2014.07.039 \|pages=33–43 \|language=Engels}}</ref> <ref name="Reef">{{cite web\| url=http://www.reefkeeping.com/issues/2004-11/rhf/index.php \|title=Iron Oxide Hydroxide (GFO) Phosphate Binders \|last=Holmes-Farley \|first=Randy \|access-date=4 Januarie 2021\| language=Engels}}</ref> }} ~~{{Chemiesaadjie}}~~ [[Kategorie:Anorganiese verbindings]]

Yster(III)oksiedhidroksied: Verskil tussen weergawes