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Lyn 199: Volgens Rousseau het mense twee eienskappe gemeen met ander [[dier]]e: die ''amour de soi'', wat die selfbeskerming instink beskryf; en ''pitié'', wat empatie is vir die res van 'n mens se spesie, wat beide rede en sosiale geneigdheid voorafgaan.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book\|last=Wokler\|first=Robert\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6XcRDAAAQBAJ&q=rousseau+very+short+introduction\|title=Rousseau: A Very Short Introduction\|date=2001-08-23\|publisher=OUP Oxford\|isbn=978-0-19-280198-2\|pages=54\|language=en\|access-date=28 Julie 2021\|archive-date=14 Augustus 2021\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814071212/https://books.google.com/books?id=6XcRDAAAQBAJ&q=rousseau+very+short+introduction\|url-status=live}}</ref> Slegs mense wat moreel ontneem is, sal slegs omgee vir hul relatiewe status teenoor ander, wat tot ''amour-propre'' of ydelheid lei.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Wokler\|first=Robert\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6XcRDAAAQBAJ&q=rousseau+very+short+introduction\|title=Rousseau: A Very Short Introduction\|date=2001-08-23\|publisher=OUP Oxford\|isbn=978-0-19-280198-2\|pages=55\|language=en\|access-date=28 Julie 2021\|archive-date=14 Augustus 2021\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814071212/https://books.google.com/books?id=6XcRDAAAQBAJ&q=rousseau+very+short+introduction\|url-status=live}}</ref> Hy het nie geglo dat mense van nature beter is as ander spesies nie.<ref name=":2" /> Die mens het egter die unieke vermoë gehad om hul natuur deur vrye keuse te verander, in plaas daarvan om beperk te wees tot natuurlike instinkte.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Wokler\|first=Robert\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6XcRDAAAQBAJ&q=rousseau+very+short+introduction\|title=Rousseau: A Very Short Introduction\|date=2001-08-23\|publisher=OUP Oxford\|isbn=978-0-19-280198-2\|pages=56\|language=en\|access-date=28 Julie 2021\|archive-date=14 Augustus 2021\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814071212/https://books.google.com/books?id=6XcRDAAAQBAJ&q=rousseau+very+short+introduction\|url-status=live}}</ref> 'n Ander aspek wat mense van ander diere skei, is die vermoë van vervolmaking, wat mense in staat stel om opkeuses ~~'n manier~~uit te ~~kies~~oefen wat hul ~~toestand~~omstandighede kan verbeter.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book\|last=Wokler\|first=Robert\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6XcRDAAAQBAJ&q=rousseau+very+short+introduction\|title=Rousseau: A Very Short Introduction\|date=2001-08-23\|publisher=OUP Oxford\|isbn=978-0-19-280198-2\|pages=57\|language=en\|access-date=28 Julie 2021\|archive-date=14 Augustus 2021\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814071212/https://books.google.com/books?id=6XcRDAAAQBAJ&q=rousseau+very+short+introduction\|url-status=live}}</ref> Hierdie verbeterings kan blywend wees, vir individuele, maar ook vir kollektiewe verandering ten goede.<ref name=":3" /> Saam met menslike vryheid maak die vermoë om te verbeter die historiese [[evolusie]] van die mensdom moontlik.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Wokler\|first=Robert\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6XcRDAAAQBAJ&q=rousseau+very+short+introduction\|title=Rousseau: A Very Short Introduction\|date=2001-08-23\|publisher=OUP Oxford\|isbn=978-0-19-280198-2\|pages=58\|language=en\|access-date=28 Julie 2021\|archive-date=14 Augustus 2021\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814071212/https://books.google.com/books?id=6XcRDAAAQBAJ&q=rousseau+very+short+introduction\|url-status=live}}</ref> Daar is egter geen waarborg dat hierdie evolusie ten goede sal kom nie.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Wokler\|first=Robert\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6XcRDAAAQBAJ&q=rousseau+very+short+introduction\|title=Rousseau: A Very Short Introduction\|date=2001-08-23\|publisher=OUP Oxford\|isbn=978-0-19-280198-2\|pages=61–62\|language=en\|access-date=28 Julie 2021\|archive-date=14 Augustus 2021\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814071212/https://books.google.com/books?id=6XcRDAAAQBAJ&q=rousseau+very+short+introduction\|url-status=live}}</ref> === Menslike ontwikkeling ===

Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Verskil tussen weergawes