Blombosgrot: Verskil tussen weergawes

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Christopher Henshilwood-skakel
Nuwe skakel
Etiket: Teruggerol
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'''Blombosgrot''' is ’n [[argeologie]]se terrein in die [[Blombosfontein-natuurreservaat]] naby [[Heidelberg, Wes-Kaap]], sowat 300&nbsp;km oos van [[Kaapstad]]. Die grot bevat [[Neerslag|neerslae]] van tussen omstreeks 100000 en 70000&nbsp;v.C., uit die middel-[[Steentydperk]], en tussen omstreeks 2000 en 300&nbsp;v.C., uit die [[Neolitikum]].<ref name="Tribolo et al. 2006">Tribolo, C., et al. (2006) TL dating of burnt lithics from Blombos Cave (South Africa): further evidence for the antiquity of modern human behaviour. Archaeometry, 48, 341–357.</ref><ref name="Jacobs et al. 2006">Jacobs, Z., et al. (2006) Extending the chronology of deposits at Blombos Cave, South Africa, back to 140 ka using optical dating of single and multiple grains of quartz. Journal of Human Evolution, 51, 255–73.</ref><ref name="Henshilwood et al. 2011">[[Christopher Henshilwood|Henshilwood, Christopher S]]., et al. (2011) A 100,000-Year-Old Ochre-Processing Workshop at Blombos Cave, South Africa. Science, 334, 219–222, {{doi|10.1126/science.1211535}}.</ref><ref name="Jacobs et al. 2013">Jacobs, Zenobia, et al. (2013) An improved OSL chronology for the Still Bay layers at Blombos Cave, South Africa: further tests of single-grain dating procedures and a re-evaluation of the timing of the Still Bay industry across southern Africa. Journal of Archaeological Science, 40, 579–594.</ref> Opgrawings is in 1991 die eerste in die grot gedoen en sedert 1997 word veldwerk gereeld daar gedoen.<ref name="Henshilwood 2008">[[Christopher Henshilwood|Henshilwood, Christopher S]]. (2008) Holocene prehistory of the Southern Cape, South Africa : excavations at Blombos Cave and the Blombosfontein Nature Reserve, Oxford, Engeland, Archaeopress.</ref>
 
[[Beeld:Lithic Industries at Blombos Cave, Southern Cape, South Africa (c. 105 – 90 Ka).jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|links|Klipwerktuie van vroeë mense wat in Blombosgrot ontdek is.]]
Die opgrawings in Blombosgrot het belangrike nuwe inligting onthul oor die gedragsevolusie van die [[anatomie]]s moderne [[mens]] en het bygedra tot die begrip van die ontstaan van vroeë gedragsinnoverings onder ''Homo sapiens'' in [[Suider-Afrika]] tydens die laat [[Pleistoseen]].<ref name="McBrearty & Brooks 2000">McBrearty, Sally & Brooks, Alison S. (2000) The revolution that wasn't: a new interpretation of the origin of modern human behavior. Journal of Human Evolution, 39, 453–563.</ref><ref name="Henshilwood & Marean 2003">[[Christopher Henshilwood|Henshilwood, Christopher S]]. & Marean, Curtis W. (2003) The Origin of Modern Human Behavior: Critique of the Models and Their Test Implications. Current Anthropology, 44, 627–651.</ref> Argeologiese materiaal en dieroorblyfsels uit die middel-Steentydperk van omstreeks 100000 tot 70000&nbsp;v.C. illustreer vermoedelik onder meer groter ekologiese nisaanpassing, die gebruik van verskeie stappe in tegnologie en gereedskapvervaardiging, groter ekonomiese en sosiale organisasie en die voorkoms van simboliese gedrag.
 
Van die materiaal wat gevind is, sluit gegraveerde [[oker]] in,<ref name="Henshilwood et al. 2009">{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.01.005|pmid=19487016|title=Engraved ochres from the Middle Stone Age levels at Blombos Cave, South Africa|journal=Journal of Human Evolution|volume=57|issue=1|pages=27–47|year=2009|last1=Henshilwood|first1=Christopher S.|author1-link=Christopher Henshilwood|last2=d'Errico|first2=Francesco|last3=Watts|first3=Ian}}</ref>, asook okerprosesseringsgereedskap,<ref name="Henshilwood et al. 2011" /> seeskulpkrale,<ref name="Henshilwood et al. 2004">[[Christopher Henshilwood|Henshilwood, Christopher S]]., et al. (2004) Middle Stone Age shell beads from South Africa. Science, 304, 404.</ref><ref name="d'Errico et al. 2005">d'Errico, Francesco, et al. (2005) Nassarius kraussianus shell beads from Blombos Cave: evidence for symbolic behaviour in the Middle Stone Age. Journal of Human Evolution, 48, 3–24.</ref><ref name="Vanhaeren et al. 2013">Vanhaeren, Marian, et al. (2013) Thinking strings: Additional evidence for personal ornament use in the Middle Stone Age at Blombos Cave, South Africa. Journal of Human Evolution, 64, 500–517.</ref> been- en klipgereedskap<ref name="Henshilwood & Sealy 1997">[[Christopher Henshilwood|Henshilwood, Christopher S]]. & Sealy, Judith (1997) Bone Artefacts from the Middle Stone Age at Blombos Cave, Southern Cape, South Africa. Current Anthropology, 38, 890–895.</ref><ref name="Henshilwood et al. 2001 Bone Tools">[[Christopher Henshilwood|Henshilwood, Christopher S]]., et al. (2001a) An early bone tool industry from the Middle Stone Age at Blombos Cave, South Africa: implications for the origins of modern human behaviour, symbolism and language. Journal of Human Evolution, 41, 631–78.</ref><ref name="d’Errico & Henshilwood 2007">d'Errico, Francesco & [[Christopher Henshilwood|Henshilwood, Christopher S]]. (2007) Additional evidence for bone technology in the southern African Middle Stone Age. Journal of Human Evolution, 52, 142–63.</ref> en ’n groot reeks aard- en seedieroorblyfsels, insluitende dié van [[skulpvis]], [[voël]]s, [[skilpad|skilpaaie]], doppe van [[volstruis]]eiers en [[soogdier]]e van verskeie groottes.<ref name="van Niekerk 2011">van Niekerk, Karen Loise (2011) Marine fish exploitation during the Middle and Later Stone Age of South Africa. University of Cape Town.</ref><ref name="Henshilwood et al. 2001 Prelim Paper">[[Christopher Henshilwood|Henshilwood, Christopher S]]., et al. (2001b) Blombos Cave, Southern Cape, South Africa: Preliminary Report on the 1992–1999 Excavations of the Middle Stone Age Levels. Journal of Archaeological Science, 28, 421–448.</ref><ref name="Thompson & Henshilwood 2011">Thompson, Jessica C. & [[Christopher Henshilwood|Henshilwood, Christopher S]]. (2011) Taphonomic analysis of the Middle Stone Age larger mammal faunal assemblage from Blombos Cave, southern Cape, South Africa. Journal of Human Evolution, 60, 746–767.</ref> Hierdie vondste, tesame met ’n herontleding van en opgrawings op ander terreine uit die middel-Steentydperk in Suider-Afrika het gelei tot ’n beter begrip van tye en plekke in die ontwikkeling van die gedrag van die moderne mens.
 
Op 29 Mei 2015 het [[Erfenis Wes-Kaap]] die terrein as ’n provinsiale erfenisterrein geklassifiseer.<ref name="ReferenceA">Provincial Notice 163/2015, Province of the Western Cape Provincial Gazette, No 739, Cape Town: 29 May 2015</ref>
 
’n Okertekening op ’n stuk klip wat in die grot ontdek is, is vermoedelik die vroegste bekende tekening in die wêreld deur ’n mens.<ref name="Sample">{{citeCite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/sep/12/earliest-known-drawing-found-on-rock-in-south-african-cave |title=Earliest known drawing found on rock in South African cave |last=Sample |first=Ian |date=2018-09-12 September 2018 |website=the Guardian |access-date=12 September 2018 |language=en |archiveaccess-urldate=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030082350/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/sep/12/earliest-known09-drawing-found-on-rock-in-south-african-cave |archive-date=30 Oktober 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all12}}</ref>
 
==Verwysings==
Lyn 30:
 
==Skakels==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090310001113/http://www.engsvf.yablokouib.runo/sfu/blombos/ Blombosgrotprojek Amptelikese webtuiste] {{en}}
{{CommonsKategorie-inlyn|Blombos Cave}}
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[[Kategorie:Erfenishulpbronne in Suid-Afrika]]
[[Kategorie:Grotte van Suid-Afrika]]