François Duvalier

François Duvalier (Franse uitspraak: [fʁɑ̃swa dyvalje]; 14 April 1907 - 21 April 1971), ook bekend as Papa Doc, was die President van Haïti van 1957 tot 1971.^[1]

Hy is in 1957 tot president verkies op 'n populistiese en swart nasionalistiese platform. Nadat hy in 1958 'n militêre staatsgreep in die wiele gery het, het sy regime vinnig totalitêr en despoties geword. Die Tonton Macoute, 'n geheime dodekorps van die regering, het Duvalier se teenstanders onoordeelkundig doodgemaak, en dit is so deurdringend dat Haïtiërs baie bang geword het om enige vorm van verdeeldheid uit te spreek, selfs in privaatheid. Duvalier het verder probeer om sy bewind te versterk deur elemente van die Haitiese mitologie in 'n persoonlikheidskultus op te neem.

Voor sy bewind was Duvalier 'n mediese dokter van beroep. Sy beroep en kundigheid op die gebied het hom die bynaam "Papa Doc" verwerf. Hy is eenparig 'herkies' in 'n 1961-verkiesing waarin hy die enigste kandidaat was. Daarna konsolideer hy sy mag stap vir stap, waarna hy in 1964 homself ná nog 'n foutiewe verkiesing tot "Lewenslange President" verklaar het.

Hy het aan bewind gebly totdat hy in April 1971 oorlede is. Hy is opgevolg deur sy seun, Jean-Claude, wat die bynaam "Baby Doc" gedra het.^[2]

Verwysings

↑ Greene, Anne (2001), "Haiti: Historical Setting § François Duvalier, 1957–71", in Metz, Helen Chapin, Dominican Republic and Haiti, Country Studies, Research completed December 1999 (3rd ed.), Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, pp. 288–289, ISBN 978-0-8444-1044-9, ISSN 1057-5294, OCLC 46321054, https://archive.org/stream/dominicanrepubli00metz#page/288, "Quote: President Duvalier reigned supreme for fourteen years. Even in Haiti, where dictators had been the norm, François Duvalier gave new meaning to the term. Duvalier and his henchmen killed between 30,000 and 60,000 Haitians. The victims were not only political opponents, but women, whole families, whole towns."
↑ "Real-Life Baron Samedi: Francois 'Papa Doc' Duvalier", Life, archived from the original on 27 Junie 2009, https://web.archive.org/web/20090627022710/http://www.life.com/image/50546009/in-gallery/22899/the-worlds-worst-dictators, besoek op 17 Januarie 2020

Eksterne skakels

Wikimedia Commons het meer media in die kategorie François Duvalier.

[Greene_2001-1] Greene, Anne (2001), "Haiti: Historical Setting § François Duvalier, 1957–71", in Metz, Helen Chapin, Dominican Republic and Haiti, Country Studies, Research completed December 1999 (3rd ed.), Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, pp. 288–289, ISBN 978-0-8444-1044-9, ISSN 1057-5294, OCLC 46321054, https://archive.org/stream/dominicanrepubli00metz#page/288, "Quote: President Duvalier reigned supreme for fourteen years. Even in Haiti, where dictators had been the norm, François Duvalier gave new meaning to the term. Duvalier and his henchmen killed between 30,000 and 60,000 Haitians. The victims were not only political opponents, but women, whole families, whole towns."

[Life110310-2] "Real-Life Baron Samedi: Francois 'Papa Doc' Duvalier", Life, archived from the original on 27 Junie 2009, https://web.archive.org/web/20090627022710/http://www.life.com/image/50546009/in-gallery/22899/the-worlds-worst-dictators, besoek op 17 Januarie 2020

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