Grootaaptaal

Navorsing in grootaaptaal het al die onderrig van sjimpansees, bonobo's, gorillas en orangoetangs behels om met mense en mekaar te kan kommunikeer deur middel van gebaretaal, fisieke tekens en leksigramme. Sekere primatoloë redeneer dat die primaat se gebruik hiervan wys op hulle vermoë om "taal" te gebruik, hoewel dit nie konsekwent is met sekere definisies van die term nie.

Vrae in dieretaalnavorsing

Dieretaalnavorsing probeer die volgende vrae beantwoord:

Watter probleme kan diere oplos sonder taal, en kan hulle dit beter oplos ná taalonderrig?
Kan die lesse geleer uit die onderrig van die diere toegepas word op mensekinders?
Hoe en hoeveel verskil diere se vermoë om te leer van dié van die mens?
Is die vermoëns onderliggend aan taal algemeen of hoogs gespesialiseerd?
Waar kan die lyn getrek word tussen taal en ander vorms van kommunikasie?

Ape wat begrip toon

Dit is al opgeteken dat niemenslike diere al gedrag getoon het wat konsekwent is met menslike sintaksproduksie. ('n produksie is 'n stroom lekseme met semantiese inhoud. 'n Taal is grammatika en 'n stel lekseme. 'n Sin, of stelling, is 'n stroom lekseme wat 'n grammatika gehoorsaam, met 'n begin en 'n einde.) Van sekere van die hieropvolgende diersoorte kan gesê word dat hulle "verstaan" (ontvang), en sommige kan konsekwente toepaslike grammatikale strome kommunikasie "toepas" (produseer). David Premack en Jacques Vauclair voer taalnavorsing aan vir die volgende diere:

Gewone sjimpansees^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]
Bonobo's^[7]^[8]
Gorillas^[9]
Orangoetangs^[10]

Verwysings

↑ Plooij, F.X. (1978), A. Lock, ed., "Some basic traits of language in wild chimpanzees?", Action, Gesture and Symbol (Academic Press)
↑ Nishida, T. (1968), "The group of wild chimpanzees in the Mahali Mountains.", Primates: 167-224
↑ Premack, D. (1985), "'Gavagai!' or the future of the animal language controversy", Cognition: 207-296
↑ Gardner, R.A.; Gardner, B.T. (1969), "Teaching Sign Language to a Chimpanzee", Science: 664-672
↑ Gardner, R.A.; Gardner, B.T. author3=Van Cantfort, T.E. (1989), Teaching Sign Language to Chimpanzees, SUNY Press
↑ Terrace, H.S. (1979), Nim: A chimpanzee who learned Sign Language, Knopf
↑ ^7,0 ^7,1 Savage-Rumbaugh, E.S.; Rumbaugh, D.M.; McDonald, K. (1985), "Language learning in two species of apes.", Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews: 653-665
↑ Savage-Rumbaugh, E.S.; McDonald, K.; Sevcik, R.A.; Hopkins, W.D.; Rupert E. (1986), "Spontaneous symbol acquisition and communicative use by pygmy chimpanzees (Pan paniscus).", Journal of Experimental Psychology: General: 211-235
↑ Patterson, F.G.; Linden E. (1981), The education of Koko, Holt, Rinehart and Winston
↑ Miles, H.L. (1990), "The cognitive foundations for reference in a signing orangutan", in S.T. Parker; K.R. Gibson, Language and intelligence in monkeys and apes: Comparative Developmental Perspectives., Cambridge Univ. Press, pp. 511-539

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[fn1-1] Plooij, F.X. (1978), A. Lock, ed., "Some basic traits of language in wild chimpanzees?", Action, Gesture and Symbol (Academic Press)

[fn2-2] Nishida, T. (1968), "The group of wild chimpanzees in the Mahali Mountains.", Primates: 167-224

[fn3-3] Premack, D. (1985), "'Gavagai!' or the future of the animal language controversy", Cognition: 207-296

[fn4-4] Gardner, R.A.; Gardner, B.T. (1969), "Teaching Sign Language to a Chimpanzee", Science: 664-672

[fn5-5] Gardner, R.A.; Gardner, B.T. author3=Van Cantfort, T.E. (1989), Teaching Sign Language to Chimpanzees, SUNY Press

[fn6-6] Terrace, H.S. (1979), Nim: A chimpanzee who learned Sign Language, Knopf

[fn10-7] 7,0 ^7,1 Savage-Rumbaugh, E.S.; Rumbaugh, D.M.; McDonald, K. (1985), "Language learning in two species of apes.", Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews: 653-665

[fn9-8] Savage-Rumbaugh, E.S.; McDonald, K.; Sevcik, R.A.; Hopkins, W.D.; Rupert E. (1986), "Spontaneous symbol acquisition and communicative use by pygmy chimpanzees (Pan paniscus).", Journal of Experimental Psychology: General: 211-235

[fn7-9] Patterson, F.G.; Linden E. (1981), The education of Koko, Holt, Rinehart and Winston

[fn8-10] Miles, H.L. (1990), "The cognitive foundations for reference in a signing orangutan", in S.T. Parker; K.R. Gibson, Language and intelligence in monkeys and apes: Comparative Developmental Perspectives., Cambridge Univ. Press, pp. 511-539

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