Lys van hommelby spesies
Wikimedia lysartikel
Die lys hieronder is 'n kontrolelys van die wêreld se hommelbye[1] (tribus Bombini) gebaseer op die Bombus filogenie aangebied deur Cameron et al (2007)[2] en groepeer volgens subgenus na die hersiening van Williams et al (2008).[3] Die hommelby-fossielrekord strek terug na die Laat Eoseen in Noord-Amerika en Engeland met die meeste verskeidenheid fossiele wat tydens die Mioseen gevind is. Die fossielspesies is bespreek en hersien deur Dehon et al (2019).[4]
Genus Bombus wysig
Subgenus Alpigenobombus wysig
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- Bombus angustus
- Bombus breviceps
- Bombus genalis
- Bombus grahami
- Bombus kashmirensis
- Bombus nobilis
- Bombus wurflenii
Subgenus Alpinobombus wysig
- Bombus alpinus
- Bombus balteatus
- Bombus hyperboreus
- Bombus kirbiellus
- Bombus kluanensis
- Bombus natvigi
- Bombus neoboreus
- Bombus polaris
- Bombus pyrrhopygus
Subgenus Bombias wysig
Subgenus Bombus (sensu stricto) wysig
- Bombus affinis
- Bombus cryptarum
- Bombus franklini – (baie seldsaam of moontlik uitgestorwe)
- Bombus hypocrita
- Bombus ignitus
- Bombus jacobsoni
- Bombus lantschouensis
- Bombus longipennis
- Bombus lucorum
- Bombus magnus
- Bombus minshanicus
- Bombus occidentalis[5]
- Bombus patagiatus
- Bombus sporadicus
- Bombus terrestris
- Bombus terricola[5]
- Bombus tunicatus
Subgenus Cullumanobombus wysig
- Bombus baeri
- Bombus brachycephalus
- Bombus coccineus
- Bombus crotchii
- Bombus cullumanus
- Bombus ecuadorius
- Bombus fraternus
- Bombus funebris
- Bombus griseocollis
- Bombus handlirschi
- Bombus haueri
- Bombus hortulanus
- Bombus macgregori
- Bombus melaleucus
- Bombus morrisoni
- †Bombus pristinus - Middel- Laat Mioseen, Kumi Formation, Euboea, Griekeland[4]
- †Bombus randeckensis[4]
- Bombus robustus
- Bombus rohweri
- Bombus rubicundus
- Bombus rufocinctus
- Bombus semenoviellus
- †Bombus trophonius[6]
- Bombus tucumanus
- Bombus unicus
- Bombus vogti
Subgenus Kallobombus wysig
Subgenus Megabombus wysig
- Bombus argillaceus
- Bombus bicoloratus
- Bombus consobrinus
- Bombus czerskii
- Bombus diversus
- Bombus gerstaeckeri
- Bombus hortorum
- Bombus irisanensis
- Bombus koreanus
- Bombus longipes
- Bombus melanopoda - (baie seldsaam of moontlik uitgestorwe)
- Bombus portchinsky
- Bombus religiosus
- Bombus ruderatus
- Bombus saltuarius
- Bombus securus
- Bombus senex
- Bombus supremus
- Bombus sushkini
- Bombus tichenkoi
- Bombus trifasciatus
- Bombus ussurensis
Subgenus Melanobombus wysig
holotipe
- Bombus alagesianus[7]
- †Bombus cerdanyensis - Late Mioseen, Bellver de Cerdanya, Spain[8][4]
- Bombus erzurumensis[9]
- Bombus eurythorax[7]
- Bombus eximius
- Bombus festivus
- Bombus formosellus
- Bombus friseanus
- Bombus incertoides[7]
- Bombus incertus
- Bombus keriensis
- Bombus ladakhensis
- Bombus lapidarius
- Bombus miniatus
- Bombus prshewalskyi[7]
- Bombus pyrosoma
- Bombus qilianensis[7]
- Bombus richardsiellus
- Bombus rufipes
- Bombus rufofasciatus
- Bombus semenovianus
- Bombus sichelii
- Bombus simillimus
- Bombus tanguticus
- Bombus tibeticus[7]
Subgenus Mendacibombus wysig
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- Bombus avinoviellus
- †Bombus beskonakensis (Mioseen, Bes Konak paleolake, Turkye)
- Bombus convexus
- Bombus handlirschianus
- Bombus himalayanus
- Bombus makarjini
- Bombus margreiteri
- Bombus marussinus
- Bombus mendax
- Bombus superbus
- Bombus turkestanicus
- Bombus waltoni
Subgenus Orientalibombus wysig
Subgenus †Paraelectrobombus wysig
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- †Bombus patriciae - Laat Oligoseen/vroeë Mioseen, BesKonak paleolake, Ankara, Turkye[4]
Subgenus Psithyrus wysig
- Bombus ashtoni
- Bombus barbutellus
- Bombus bellardii
- Bombus bohemicus
- Bombus branickii
- Bombus campestris
- Bombus chinensis
- Bombus citrinus
- Bombus coreanus
- Bombus cornutus
- Bombus expolitus
- Bombus ferganicus
- Bombus fernaldae
- Bombus flavidus
- Bombus insularis
- Bombus maxillosus
- Bombus monozonus
- Bombus morawitzianus
- Bombus norvegicus
- Bombus novus
- Bombus perezi
- Bombus quadricolor
- Bombus rupestris
- Bombus skorikovi
- Bombus suckleyi
- Bombus sylvestris
- Bombus tibetanus
- Bombus turneri
- Bombus variabilis
- Bombus vestalis
Subgenus Pyrobombus wysig
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_-_Succisa_pratensis_-_Keila.jpg)
- Bombus abnormis
- Bombus ardens
- Bombus avanus
- Bombus beaticola
- Bombus bifarius
- Bombus bimaculatus
- Bombus biroi
- Bombus brodmannicus
- Bombus caliginosus
- Bombus centralis[10]
- Bombus cingulatus
- Bombus cockerelli
- Bombus ephippiatus
- Bombus flavescens
- Bombus flavifrons[10]
- Bombus frigidus
- Bombus haematurus
- Bombus huntii
- Bombus hypnorum
- Bombus impatiens
- Bombus infirmus
- Bombus infrequens
- Bombus johanseni
- Bombus jonellus
- Bombus kotzschi
- Bombus lapponicus
- Bombus lemniscatus
- Bombus lepidus
- Bombus luteipes
- Bombus melanopygus[11]
- Bombus mirus
- Bombus mixtus
- Bombus modestus
- Bombus monticola
- Bombus oceanicus
- Bombus parthenius
- Bombus perplexus[12]
- Bombus picipes
- Bombus pratorum
- Bombus pressus
- Bombus pyrenaeus
- Bombus rotundiceps
- Bombus sandersoni [12]
- Bombus sitkensis
- Bombus sonani
- Bombus subtypicus
- Bombus sylvicola
- Bombus ternarius
- Bombus vagans
- Bombus vancouverensis
- Bombus vandykei
- Bombus vosnesenskii
- Bombus wilmattae
Subgenus Sibiricobombus wysig
- Bombus asiaticus
- Bombus morawitzi
- Bombus niveatus
- Bombus oberti
- Bombus obtusus
- Bombus sibiricus
- Bombus sulfureus
Subgenus Subterraneobombus wysig
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- Bombus amurensis
- Bombus appositus
- Bombus borealis
- Bombus difficillimus
- Bombus distinguendus
- Bombus fedtschenkoi
- Bombus fragrans
- Bombus melanurus
- Bombus mongolensis
- Bombus personatus
- Bombus subterraneus
Subgenus Thoracobombus wysig
- Bombus anachoreta
- Bombus armeniacus
- Bombus atripes
- Bombus bahiensis
- Bombus bellicosus
- Bombus brasiliensis
- Bombus brevivillus
- Bombus dahlbomii
- Bombus deuteronymus
- Bombus digressus
- Bombus diligens
- Bombus excellens
- Bombus exil
- Bombus fervidus
- Bombus filchnerae
- Bombus hedini
- Bombus honshuensis
- Bombus humilis
- Bombus imitator
- Bombus impetuosus
- Bombus inexspectatus
- Bombus laesus
- Bombus medius
- Bombus mesomelas
- Bombus mexicanus
- Bombus mlokosievitzii
- Bombus morio
- Bombus mucidus
- Bombus muscorum
- Bombus opifex
- Bombus opulentus
- Bombus pascuorum
- Bombus pauloensis[13]
- Bombus pensylvanicus
- Bombus persicus
- Bombus pomorum
- Bombus pseudobaicalensis
- Bombus pullatus
- Bombus remotus
- Bombus rubriventris (moontlik uitgestorwe)
- Bombus ruderarius
- Bombus schrencki
- Bombus sonorus
- Bombus steindachneri
- Bombus sylvarum
- Bombus transversalis
- Bombus tricornis
- Bombus trinominatus
- Bombus velox
- Bombus weisi
- Bombus veteranus
- Bombus zonatus
holotipe mannetjie
paratipe vroulik
holotipe voorvlerk
Subgenus incertae sedis wysig
- †“Bombus” anacolus - Middel Mioseen Shanwang Formation, Shandong Province, China[4]
- †Bombus? crassipes - Laat Mioseen Krottensee deposits, Czech Republic[4]
- †“Bombus” dilectus - Middle Mioseen Shanwang Formation, Shandong Province, China[4]
- †“Bombus” luianus - Middle Mioseen Shanwang Formation, Shandong Province, China[4]
- †Bombus proavus - Middel Mioseen, Latah Formation, Washington, USA[4]
- †Bombus vetustus - Laat Mioseen, Botchi Formation, Botchi River, Khabarovsk Krai, Russia[4]
Genus †Calyptapis wysig
- †Calyptapis florissantensis - Laat Eoseen, Florissant Formation, Colorado
Genus †Oligobombus wysig
- †Oligobombus cuspidatus - Laat Eoseen, Bembridge Marls, Isle of Wight, VK
Verwysings wysig
- ↑ Williams, P. H. (1998). "An annotated checklist of bumble bees with an analysis of patterns of description (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Bombini)". Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, Entomology Series. 67: 79–152.
- ↑ Cameron, S. A.; Hines, H. M.; Williams, P. H. (2007). "A comprehensive phylogeny of the bumble bees (Bombus)". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 91: 161–188. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00784.x.
- ↑ Williams, P. H.; Cameron, S. A.; Hines, H. M.; Cederberg, B.; Rasmont, P. (2008). "A simplified subgeneric classification of the bumblebees (genus Bombus)" (PDF). Apidologie. 39: 1–29. doi:10.1051/apido:2007052. S2CID 3489618.
- ↑ 4,00 4,01 4,02 4,03 4,04 4,05 4,06 4,07 4,08 4,09 4,10 Dehon, M.; Engel, M.; Gérard, M.; Aytekin, A.; Ghisbain, G.; Williams, P.; Rasmont, P.; Michez, D. (2019). "Morphometric analysis of fossil bumble bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombini) reveals their taxonomic affinities". ZooKeys (891): 71–118. doi:10.3897/zookeys.891.32056 (inactive 12 Februarie 2022).
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of 2022 (link) - ↑ 5,0 5,1 Bombus occidentalis en Bombus terricola word soms verwar as die selfde spesie.
- ↑ Prokop, J.; Dehon, M.; Michez, D.; Engel, M. S. (2017). "An Early Miocene bumble bee from northern Bohemia (Hymenoptera, Apidae)". ZooKeys (710): 43–63. doi:10.3897/zookeys.710.14714. PMC 5674177. PMID 29118643.
- ↑ 7,0 7,1 7,2 7,3 7,4 7,5 Williams, P.; Altanchimeg, D.; Byvaltsev, A.; De Jonghe, R.; Jaffar, S.; Japoshvili, G.; Kahono, S.; Liang, H.; Mei, M.; Monfared, A.; Nidup, T.; Raina, R.; Ren, Z.; Thanoosing, C.; Zhao, Y.; Orr, M. (2020). "Widespread polytypic species or complexes of local species? Revising bumblebees of the subgenus Melanobombus world-wide (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)". European Journal of Taxonomy (719): 1–120. doi:10.5852/ejt.2020.719.1107. S2CID 224964830.
- ↑ Dehon, M.; Michez, D.; Nel, A.; Engel, M. S.; De Meulemeester, T. (2014). "Wing Shape of Four New Bee Fossils (Hymenoptera: Anthophila) Provides Insights to Bee Evolution". PLOS ONE. 9 (10): 1–16. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9j8865D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0108865. PMC 4212905. PMID 25354170.
- ↑ Pierre Rasmont; A. Murat Aytekin; Osman Kaftanoglu; Didier Flagothier. "Bombus (Melanobombus) erzurumensis (Özbek, 1990)". Université de Mons. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 24 Maart 2016. Besoek op 1 Maart 2022.
- ↑ 10,0 10,1 Bombus centralis en Bombus flavifrons word soms as dieselfde spesie beskou.
- ↑ Bombus melanopygus has two color forms, one of which was historically treated as a species: Bombus edwardsii.
- ↑ 12,0 12,1 Miller, Nathan G. (2010). The Bumble Bees of Algonquin Park: A Field Guide. Toronto: Toronto Entomologists' Association. pp.22.
- ↑ Cameron, S. A.; Williams, P. H. (24 Julie 2002). "Phylogeny of bumble bees in the New World subgenus Fervidobombus (Hymenoptera: Apidae): congruence of molecular and morphological data" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 28 (3): 552–563. doi:10.1016/s1055-7903(03)00056-3. PMID 12927138. Besoek op 5 November 2015.