Plastiekbesoedeling in die Middellandse See

Die Middellandse See is geidentifiseer as een van die oseane wat die ergste deur mariene plastiekbesoedeling geraak word.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Die konsentrasies mikroplastiek in die see is na raming hoër is as dié wat gemiddeld op wêreldvlak gevind word. Volgens studies wat deel vorm van die WWF Mediterreense Mariene Inisiatief van 2019^[3] is die skatting dat 0,57 miljoen metrieke ton plastiek elke jaar die Middellandse See binnedring; hierdie hoeveelheid stem ooreen met die storting van 33 800 plastiekbottels in waters elke minuut. Dit hou belangrike risiko's in vir mariene ekosisteme, menslike gesondheid en ook vir die blou-ekonomie in die gebied waar die kusgebiede baie digbevolk is en 'n baie belangrike toeristebestemming wêreldwyd is.^[4]^[5]

Die hoeveelhede mariene plastiekbesoedeling wat in Mediterreense waters gevind is, is soortgelyk aan dié wat in die see-gyre voorkom ( Indiese Oseaan-gyre, Noord-Atlantiese Gyre, Noord-Stille Oseaan Gyre, Suid-Atlantiese Gyre, Suid-Stille Oseaan Gyre ).^[5] As gevolg van hierdie besoedeling, word die Middellandse See dikwels beskryf as die "wêreld se sesde grootste ophopingsone" vir mariene plastiekrommel of anders gestel 'n onsigbare "sesde vullisvlek ", wat hoofsaaklik uit mikroplastiek bestaan. Dit is 'n onsigbare vullisvlek aangesien daar geen spoor van permanente rommelophopingsgebiede in die Middellandse See is nie, hoofsaaklik as gevolg van die semi-geslote kom-vorm, die sikloniese sirkulasie en die strome wat in die streek voorkom.

Verwysings

↑ Mercier, J.R. (2015). Management of Environmental and Social Assessments for development projects, programmes and policies in the Mediterranean - Sourcebook. Plan Bleu UNEP/MAP Regional Activity Centre.
↑ UNEP/MAP. (2019). Overall Findings from the General Status of the Progress in the Implementation of the Barcelona Convention and its Protocols: Analysis of the Information Mentioned in the National Reports for the 2016-2017 Biennium. As submitted to MAP Focal Points 2019 meeting (UNEP/MED WG.468/20)
↑ ^3,0 ^3,1 Dalberg Advisors, WWF Mediterranean Marine Initiative (2019). “Stop the Flood of Plastic: How Mediterranean countries can save their sea”. https://awsassets.panda.org/downloads/a4_plastics_reg_low.pdf
↑ Boucher, J. and Bilard, G. (2020). The Mediterranean: Mare plasticum. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2020-030-En.pdf.
↑ ^5,0 ^5,1 United Nations Environment Programme (2021). From Pollution to Solution: A global assessment of marine litter and plastic pollution. Nairobi. https://www.unep.org/resources/pollution-solution-global-assessment-marine-litter-and-plastic-pollution

[auto12-1] Mercier, J.R. (2015). Management of Environmental and Social Assessments for development projects, programmes and policies in the Mediterranean - Sourcebook. Plan Bleu UNEP/MAP Regional Activity Centre.

[2] UNEP/MAP. (2019). Overall Findings from the General Status of the Progress in the Implementation of the Barcelona Convention and its Protocols: Analysis of the Information Mentioned in the National Reports for the 2016-2017 Biennium. As submitted to MAP Focal Points 2019 meeting (UNEP/MED WG.468/20)

[auto15-3] 3,0 ^3,1 Dalberg Advisors, WWF Mediterranean Marine Initiative (2019). “Stop the Flood of Plastic: How Mediterranean countries can save their sea”. https://awsassets.panda.org/downloads/a4_plastics_reg_low.pdf

[4] Boucher, J. and Bilard, G. (2020). The Mediterranean: Mare plasticum. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2020-030-En.pdf.

[auto9-5] 5,0 ^5,1 United Nations Environment Programme (2021). From Pollution to Solution: A global assessment of marine litter and plastic pollution. Nairobi. https://www.unep.org/resources/pollution-solution-global-assessment-marine-litter-and-plastic-pollution

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]