Piet Retief: Verskil tussen weergawes

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'''Pieter Mauritz Retief''', beter bekend as '''Piet Retief''', was 'n [[Voortrekker]]leier wat op 12 [[November]] [[1780]] op die plaas Welvanpas naby [[Wellington]], [[Wes-Kaap]], gebore is.
 
Pieter Mauritz Retief, better known as Piet Retief, was a Voortrekker leader that was born on 12 November 1780 on the farm Welvanpas naby Wellington, Western Cape.
 
== Vroeë dae ==
Verhuis as jongman na die [[Oos-Kaap]] en vestig hom op die plaas Mooimeisjesfontein. In 1814 trou hy met Magdalena A. Greyling, weduwee van [[veldkornet]] Abraham Greyling van [[Albanie]]. Na sy huwelik het Retief hom permanent aan die oosgrens van die Kaapkolonie gevestig en is hy beskou as die rykste man in die distrik Albanie. Hy ervaar baie wisselvallighede in boerdery én sake. Hy veg in die [[Kaapse grensoorloë|grensoorloë]] en word in [[1822]] aangestel as veldkommandant van die distrik Albanie. Na mislukte besigheid in [[Grahamstad]] het hy in die Winterberg gaan boer, waar hy die nie-amptelike leier en die algemene voorspraak van die hele boeregemeenskap by die Regering was. Na die grensoorlog van 1834/’35 het hy as pleitbesorger opgetree van die verarmde grensbewoners teenoor luitenant-goewerneur Stockenström.
 
As a young man he moved to the Eastern Cape and settled on the farm Mooimeisjesfontein. He married Magdalena A. Greyling in 1814, a widow of veldcornet Abraham Greyling from Albany. After his marriage he settled permanently at the eastern border of the Cape Colony and was considered to be the richest man in the Albany district. He experienced many ups and downs in his farming and his business affairs. He fought in the Frontier Wars and was appointed as veldcommandant of the district of Albany in 1822. After a failed business in Grahamstown he moved to the Winterberg to farm, where he was the non-official leader and the general spokesperson of the whole farming community to the government. After the Frontier War of 1834/1835 (Sixth Frontier War) he pleaded for care of the destitute border inhabitants with Lieutenant-governor Stockenström.
 
== Groot Trek ==
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Hy word woordvoerder vir Trekkers in krisis wat uitloop op die [[Groot Trek]]. Word een van hulle leiers. Reik geskiedkundige manifes uit op 22 Januarie 1837 om die doel van die [[Groot Trek]] te verduidelik. Drie maande later is hy en sy geselskap by die ander Emigrante tussen [[Thaba Nchu|Thaba ’Nchu]] en [[Vetrivier]]. [[Gerrit Maritz]] en [[Hendrik Potgieter]] was toe pas terug van die strafekspedisie teen [[Silkaats]]; dog ondanks die gewig wat hierdie prestasie in die skaal gewerp het en die feit dat Retief se geselskap nie die grootste was nie, is hy tot Goewerneur van die Emigrante gekies. Sy eerste taak was om vrede te maak tussen Potgieter en Maritz, wat intussen nie meer so goed met mekaar oor die weg kon kom nie. Daarna het hy verdrae van vrede en vriendskap gesluit met die naburige inboorlingkapteins soos Moshesh, Maroko, Tawane en Sikonyella. ’n Tydperk van besluitloosheid het nou gevolg, daar dit nie ’n maklike taak was om die toekomstige tuiste van die Emigrante te kies nie. Hy sou daarheen gaan en van die Zoeloekoning [[Dingaan]] ’n stuk grond vir sy mense ruil. Intussen het hy briewe aan luitenant-goewerneur Stockenström gerig om die planne van die Trekkers uiteen te sit en hul onafhanklikheid te beklemtoon. Hy skryf onder andere: “''Ek het my geboorteland nie verlaat om in duisternis te leef met die Britse Regering of met diegene van my medeburgers wat agtergebly het nie; dit is my sterk begeerte om ’n vrye verkeer met hulle te handhaaf''.” Ondanks alles wat hy en sy landgenote in die Kolonie moes verduur, is hy te grootmoedig om enige gevoel van vyandigheid te koester. In Port Natal is Retief baie hartlik deur die Engelse nedersetters aldaar ontvang, wat hom ook ’n adres aangebied het.
 
He became the spokesperson for the trekkers when they were in crisis which resulted in The Great Trek. He then became one of the Voortrekker leaders. He issues the historic manifest explaining the reason for The Great Trek on 22 January 1837. Three months later his group had trekked and joined the other trekkers between Thaba 'Nchu and Vetrivier. Gerritz Maritz and Hendrik Potgieter had just returned from their offensive against Silkaats, yet despite this successful expedition and the fact that his group was not the biggest, he was chosen as the Governor of the trekkers. His first task was to make peace betwwen Potgieter and Maritz, who were not on good terms with each other. Thereafter he signed treaties of peace and frienship with the neighbouring chiefs such as Moshesh, Maroko, Tawane and Sikonyella. A period of indecision followed as it was difficult to choose the future place for settlement for the trekkers. The plan was to visit the Zulu chief Dingane and to obtain a tract of land for the trekkers in return for payment. He also wrote letters to Lieutenant-governor Stockenström setting out their plans and declaring their independence. He wrote, "I did not leave the country of my birth to live in darkness under British rule or with my fellow citizens that remained behind; it is my strongest wish to live in freedom of association with them." Despite everything he and his fellow trekkers had endured in the British Colony, he was unable to harbor anger towards them. Retief is received with open arms by the English settlers, who also offered him a place to stay.
 
== Dingaan ==
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Die dorp [[Piet Retief, Mpumalanga]], is na hom genoem, asook (gedeeltelik) [[Pietermaritzburg]], die hoofstad van [[KwaZulu-Natal]]. Daar word dikwels gemeen dat die “Maritz”-gedeelte van Pietermaritzburg van die begin af ’n vernoeming was van Gerrit Maritz. ’n ander Voortrekkerleier. In werklikheid was Pietermaritzburg oorspronklik PietermaUritzburg, waarmee sowel Retief se eerste as sy tweede voornaam in die pleknaam vervat is. Dit was eers later dat die “u” weggelaat is en daar gereglementeer is dat Maritz ook in die pleknaam onthou sou word.<ref>Kate Armstrong: South Africa, Lesotho & Swaziland, p 358. Uitgewer Lonely Planet, 2012. ISBN 1-74179-800-0, ISBN 978-1-74179-800-5.</ref>
 
It is common knowledge that Dingane agreed to give Retief and his trekkers a large tract of land if he were to retrieve cattle stolen by Sikonyella. He fulfilled this condition of the agreement and returned the stolen cattle to Dingane. On his way back to Dingane he stopped by the trekker laers. Various people, including Maritz, warned him not to return to uMgungundlovu. Despite this, Retief and a delegation of about one hundred representatives went ahead to Dingane and returned the cattle.
 
On 6 February 1838 Retief and his delegation were brutally murdered on an order by Dingane. Retief was the last to be murdered so he could see the others deaths. The signed agreement ceding the tract of land between the Tugela and Port St. Johns to the trekkers was later found on Retief's remains.
 
The town of Piet Retief in Mpumalanga was named after Retief. Together with Maritz, Pietermaritzburg, in Kwazulu-Natal was also named after him.
 
== Verwysings ==