Vaishnavisme: Verskil tussen weergawes

[[Beeld:God Vishnu.jpg|thumb|220px|WisjnoeVishnu, die belangrikste god in Vaishnavisme.]]

'''Vaishnavisme''' (van [[Sanskrit]] वैष्णव Vaiṣṇava, "wat tot WisjnoeVishnu behoort") is een van die vier groot tradisies in [[Hindoeïsme]]; die ander is [[Shaivisme]], [[Shaktisme]] en [[Smartisme]]. Dit word ook '''Vishnuïsme''' of '''Wisjnoeïsme''' genoem, en die volgelinge daarvan VaishnavasVishnuïste of Wisjnoeïste; hulle beskou [[WisjnoeVishnu]] as die oppergod.<ref>{{cite book|author=Pratapaditya Pal|title=Indian Sculpture: Circa 500 B.C.-A.D. 700|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=clUmKaWRFTkC |year=1986|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-05991-7|pages=24–25}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Stephan Schuhmacher |title=The Encyclopedia of Eastern Philosophy and Religion: Buddhism, Hinduism, Taoism, Zen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vpP8770qVakC |date=1994 |publisher=Shambhala |isbn=978-0-87773-980-7 |page=397 }}</ref>

Die tradisie is veral bekend vir sy [[avatar]]leerstelling, waarin WisjnoeVishnu in een van baie inkarnasies vereer word. Van hulle is 10 (die [[Avatar#Die 10 avatars|''Dashavatara'']]) die gewildstegewildstes en belangrikstebelangrikstes: KrisjnaKrishna, Rama, Narayana, Vasudeva, Hari, Vithoba, Kesava, Madhava, Govinda en Jagannath.{{Sfn|Matchett|2001|pp=3-9}}{{Sfn|Anna King|2005|pages=32–33}}{{sfn|Avinash Patra|2011|pp=12–16, 25}} Die tradisie kan teruggespoor word na die 1ste millennium n.C. as Bhagavatisme, of KrisjnaïsmeKrishnaïsme.<ref name = gita>{{cite book |author=G. Widengren |title=Historia Religionum: Handbook for the History of Religions - Religions of the Present |publisher=Brill Academic Publishers |location=Boston |year=1997 |pages=270 |isbn=90-04-02598-7 |oclc= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3rrQY1tzLQUC&pg=PA270 |accessdate=}}</ref> Latere ontwikkelings onder leiding van die heilige [[Ramananda]] het gelei tot ’n Rama-georiënteerde beweging, wat nou die grootste [[klooster]]groep in [[Asië]] is.<ref name=selva>Selva Raj anden William Harman (2007), ''Dealing with Deities: The Ritual Vow in South Asia'', State University of New York Press, ISBN 978-0791467084, pagesble. 165-166</ref><ref name=lochtefeldramanandi>James G Lochtefeld (2002), ''The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: N-Z'', Rosen Publishing, ISBN 978-0823931804, pagesble. 553-554</ref> Die Vaishnava-tradisie het baie ''sampradayas'' (denominasies of subskole) wat wissel van die [[Middeleeuse]] [[Dvaita-skool]] van Madhvacharya tot die [[Sri Vaishnava Sampradaya|Vishishtadvaita-skool]] van Ramanuja.{{sfn|Beck|2012|pp=76-77}}{{Sfn|Jeaneane D. Fowler|2002|pages=288-304, 340–350}} Nuwe bewegings is ook in die moderne tyd gestig, soos die [[Hare Krisjna]]s van Prabhupada.{{Sfn|Flood|1996|pp=124-125}}

Die tradisie is bekend vir die liefdevolle verering van ’n avatar van WisjnoeVishnu (dikwels [[Krisjna]]Krishna) en het ’n sleutelrol gespeel in die verspreiding van die [[Bhakti-beweging]] in die 2de millennium in Suid-Asië.<ref>{{cite book|author=John Stratton Hawley |title=A Storm of Songs |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AhS9BgAAQBAJ |year=2015|publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-18746-7 |pages=10–12, 33–34 }}</ref><ref>James G Lochtefeld (2002), The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: N-Z, Rosen Publishing, ISBN 978-0823931804, pages 731-733</ref> Belangrike geskrifte in Vaishnavisme sluit in die Vedas, Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita, Pancaratra (Agama) en [[Bhagavata Purana]].{{sfn|Flood|1996|p=121-122}}<ref name="Schrader1973p2">{{cite book|author=F Otto Schrader |title=Introduction to the Pāñcarātra and the Ahirbudhnya Saṃhitā |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JmIpAAAAYAAJ |year=1973|publisher=Adyar Library and Research Centre |isbn=978-0-8356-7277-1 |pages=2–21}}</ref><ref name=klausscrip>Klaus Klostermaier (2007), A Survey of Hinduism: Third Edition, State University of New York Press, ISBN 978-0791470824, ble. 46-52, 76-77</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Johnson |first1=Todd M |last2=Grim |first2= Brian J |title=The World's Religions in Figures: An Introduction to International Religious Demography|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=SAzizViY30EC&dq=shaivism+followers&source=gbs_navlinks_s |year=2013|publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=9781118323038|page=400}}</ref>

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