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Die Romeinse model het op 'n gode op 'n ander manier gedefinieer as die Grieke en ook anders aan hulle gedink. Byvoorbeeld, as mens 'n Griekse persoon sou vra oor [[Demeter]], sou hy of sy kon antwoord met die bekende verhaal van Demeter se verdriet oor die ontvoering van [[Persephone]] deur [[Hades]].
'n Argaïse Romein, in kontras, sou kon vertel oor [[Ceres (godin)|Ceres]] en dat sy 'n offisiële priester gehad het wat 'n ''flamen'' genoem was, en dat hy 'n junior priester was in vergelyking met die ''flamens'' van [[Jupiter (god)|Jupiter]], [[Mars (god)|Mars]] en [[Quirinus]], maar 'n senior was in vergelyking met die ''flamens'' van [[Flora (godin)|Flora]] en [[Pomona]]. Hy sou ook weet dat sy deel was van 'n drie-eenheid met twee ander agrikulturele landbou-gode, [[Liber]] and [[Libera]]. Die persoon sou selfs al die minder belangrike gode wat vir haar gesorg het op sy vingers kon aftel, saam met hulle spesialiserings: Sarritor (onkruid verwyder), Messor (om te oes), Convector (vervoer), Conditor (opberger), Insitor (saaier), en talle meer.
Dus was die argaïse Romeinse mitologie, sover dit die gode betref het, nie saamgestel uit verhale nie, maar eerder uit aansluitende en ingewikkelde assosiasies tussen die gode en die mense.
Die Romeinse rituele van die offisiële priesters maak 'n duidelike onderskeid tussen twee klasse gode: die ''di indigetes'' en die ''di novensides'' of ''novensiles.'' Die ''indigetes'' was die oorspronklike gode van die Romeinse staat en hulle name en karakter word aangedui deur die titels van die eerste priesters en die gevestigde feesdae op die kalender: 30 sulke gode was geëer met spesiale feesdae. Die ''novensides'' was later gode wat in die stad voorgestel is tydens die historiese periode, meestal op 'n bekende datum en as antwoord op 'n spesifieke krisis of noodgeval. Vroeë Romeinse gode het, naas die ''di indigetes,'' 'n groep gode gehad wat gespesialiseer het in 'n spesifieke aktiwiteit, soos die oes. Oorblywende fragmente het onthul dat by sulke dade, soos die oes of om te saai, 'n verskillende god opgeroep is vir elke stap van die proses, die naam van die spesifieke god is dikwels afgelei van die werkwoord wat die aktiwiteit beskryf. Die gode kan geklassifiseer word as hulpgode en is saam met die hoofgode opgeroep. Vroeë Romeinse kultus was dus nie soseer politeïsties (veelgodery) nie, maar eerder polidemonies: die aanbidders se konsepte van die opgeroepde wesens het uit weinig meer as hul naam en funksie bestaan en die mag, of ''numen'', van dié wesens was uiters gespesialiseerd.
Die karakters van die ''indigetes'' en hulle feeste dui daarop dat die vroeë Romeine nie slegs lede van die landbougemeenskap was nie, maar ook daarvoor lief was om te veg en oorlog te voer. Die gode het die praktiese daaglikse behoeftes duidelik verteenwoordig, soos nodig geag deur die Romeinse gemeenskap waaraan hulle behoort het. [[Janus]] en [[Vesta]] het by die deure en haarde gewaak, die [[Lares]] het die veld en die huis opgepas, [[Pales]] het na die weivelde gekyk, [[Saturnus (mitologie)|Saturnus]] na die saaiïng, [[Ceres (godin)|Ceres]] na die groei van die graan, [[Pomona]] na die vrugte en [[Consus]] en [[Ops]] na die oes. Selfs die koninklike Jupiter, die koning van die gode, was geëer vir die hulp wat sy reën die plase en wynvelde bring. Hy was ook gesien as die bestuurder van menslike aktiwiteite, met weerlig as sy wapen, en was ook beskou as die beskermer van die Romeine en hulle militêre aktiwiteite buite die grense van hulle eie gemeenskap. Die gode Mars en Quirinus was baie prominent in die vroeë tye en word gereëld met mekaar verwar. Mars was 'n god van oorlog en was in Maart en Oktober geëer. Quirinus word deur moderne akademici beskou as die beskermer van die leër in tye van vrede.
De vroege Romeinse cultus was daardoor niet zozeer polytheïstisch, maar eerder polidemonisch: de ingeschakelde grootheden waren voor hun aanbidders weinig meer dan hun naam en functie, en de macht van deze demonen was sterk gespecialiseerd.
Aan die bo-punt van die eerste groep gode was die drie-eenheid Jupiter, Mars en Quirinus (hulle priesters, of ''flamens'' was dus ook van die hoogste rang) en saam met hulle Janus en Vesta. In die tyd het die gode nie werklik hulle eie individualiteit besit nie en hulle persoonlike geskiedenis het troues en stambome ontbreek. Anders as die gode van die Grieke was daar nie van die Romeinse gode verwag om soos mense op te tree nie en dus bestaan daar nie baie rekords van die gode se aktiwiteite nie. Hierdie ouer manier van aanbidding was geassosieer met [[Numa Pompilius]], die tweede koning van [[Rome]], van wie daar geglo is dat hy die Romeinse godin van fonteine en geboorte, [[Egeria]] as sy gade en raadgewer gehad het (Egeria word in latere letterkundige bronne geïdentifiseer as 'n [[nimf]]).
a host of so-called specialist gods whose names were invoked in the carrying out of various activities, such as harvesting. Fragments of old ritual accompanying such acts as plowing or sowing reveal that at every stage of the operation a separate deity was invoked, the name of each deity being regularly derived from the verb for the operation. Such divinities may be grouped under the general term of attendant, or auxiliary, gods, who were invoked along with the greater deities. Early Roman [[Cult (religious practice)|cult]] was not so much a polytheism as a polydemonism: the worshipers' concepts of the invoked beings consisted of little more than their names and functions, and the being's ''numen,'' or "power", manifested itself in highly specialized ways.
==Uitheemse gode==
Die absorbering van aangrensende gebiede se plaaslike gode het plaasgevind soos die Romeinse staat die omliggende gebiede verower het.
The absorption of neighboring local gods took place as the Roman state conquered the surrounding territory.<!--- The Romans commonly granted the local gods of the conquered territory the same honors as the earlier gods who had been regarded as peculiar to the Roman state. In many instances the newly acquired deities were formally invited to take up their abode in new sanctuaries at Rome. In [[203 BC]], the cult object embodying [[Cybele]] was removed from Phrygian Pessinos and ceremoniously welcomed to Rome. Moreover, the growth of the city attracted foreigners, who were allowed to continue the worship of their own gods. In this way [[Mithras]] came to Rome and his popularity in the legions spread his cult as far afield as Britain. In addition to [[Castor and Pollux]], the conquered settlements in [[Italy]] seem to have contributed to the Roman pantheon Diana, Minerva, Hercules, Venus, and other deities of lesser rank, some of whom were Italic divinities, others originally derived from the Greek culture of [[Magna Graecia]]. The important Roman deities were eventually identified with the more [[anthropomorphism|anthropomorphic]] Greek gods and goddesses, and assumed many of their attributes and myths. --->▼<!--- The character of the ''indigetes'' and their festivals show that the early Romans were not only members of an agricultural community but also were fond of fighting and much engaged in war. The gods represented distinctly the practical needs of daily life, as felt by the Roman community to which they belonged. They were scrupulously accorded the rites and offerings considered proper. Thus, [[Janus (mythology)|Janus]] and [[Vesta (god)|Vesta]] guarded the door and hearth, the [[Lares]] protected the field and house, Pales the pasture, [[Saturn (mythology)|Saturn]] the sowing, [[Ceres (mythology)|Ceres]] the growth of the grain, Pomona the fruit, and Consus and Ops the harvest. Even the majestic [[Jupiter (mythology)|Jupiter]], the ruler of the gods, was honored for the aid his rains might give to the farms and vineyards. In his more encompassing character he was considered, through his weapon of lightning, the director of human activity and, by his widespread domain, the protector of the Romans in their military activities beyond the borders of their own community. Prominent in early times were the gods [[Mars (mythology)|Mars]] and [[Quirinus]], who were often identified with each other. Mars was a god of war; he was honored in March and October. Quirinus is thought by modern scholars to have been the patron of the armed community in time of peace.
==Sommige van die belangrikste Romeinse gode==
At the head of the earliest [[wiktionary:pantheon|pantheon]] were the triad Jupiter, Mars, and Quirinus (whose three priests, or '''flamens,''' were of the highest order), and Janus and Vesta. These gods in early times had little individuality, and their personal histories lacked marriages and genealogies. Unlike the gods of the Greeks, they were not considered to function in the manner of mortals, and thus not many accounts of their activities exist. This older worship was associated with [[Numa Pompilius]], the second king of Rome, who was believed to have had as his consort and adviser the Roman goddess of fountains and childbirth, [[Egeria]], who is often identified as a [[nymph]] in later literary sources. New elements were added at a relatively early date, however. To the royal house of the Tarquins was ascribed by legend the establishment of the great '''Capitoline triad,''' Jupiter, [[Juno (mythology)|Juno]], and [[Minerva]], which assumed the supreme place in Roman religion. Other additions were the worship of [[Diana (mythology)|Diana]] on the [[Aventine Hill]] and the introduction of the [[Sibylline books]], prophecies of world history, which, according to legend, were purchased by Tarquin in the late [[6th century BC]] from the Cumaean Sibyl.
==Foreign gods==
▲The absorption of neighboring local gods took place as the Roman state conquered the surrounding territory. The Romans commonly granted the local gods of the conquered territory the same honors as the earlier gods who had been regarded as peculiar to the Roman state. In many instances the newly acquired deities were formally invited to take up their abode in new sanctuaries at Rome. In [[203 BC]], the cult object embodying [[Cybele]] was removed from Phrygian Pessinos and ceremoniously welcomed to Rome. Moreover, the growth of the city attracted foreigners, who were allowed to continue the worship of their own gods. In this way [[Mithras]] came to Rome and his popularity in the legions spread his cult as far afield as Britain. In addition to [[Castor and Pollux]], the conquered settlements in [[Italy]] seem to have contributed to the Roman pantheon Diana, Minerva, Hercules, Venus, and other deities of lesser rank, some of whom were Italic divinities, others originally derived from the Greek culture of [[Magna Graecia]]. The important Roman deities were eventually identified with the more [[anthropomorphism|anthropomorphic]] Greek gods and goddesses, and assumed many of their attributes and myths.
==Major Roman deities==
<gallery>
Image:Cupidon.jpg|[[Cupid]], god of romanse en liefe.
Image:CupidonDianaLouvre.jpg|[[CupidDiana (godin)|Diana]], godgodin ofvan [[Romanticdie love|romance]]maan anden lovejag.
Image:DianaLouvreADurerFortunaengraving.jpg|[[DianaFortuna (mythologygodin)|DianaFortuna]], goddessgodin ofvan thedie moon and huntingnoodlot.
Image:ADurerFortunaengravingDenarius-Julia Soaemias-RIC 0237.jpg|[[FortunaJuno (mythologymitologie)|FortunaJuno]], goddesskoninging ofvan fortunedie and fategode.
Image:IngresJupiterAndThetis.jpg|[[Jupiter (god)|Jupiter]], koning van die gode.
Image:Denarius-JuliaMinerva Soaemias-RICstatue 0237Cherbourg.jpg|[[Juno (mythology)|JunoMinerva]], queengodin ofvan the godswysheid.
Image:IngresJupiterAndThetisNeptune amphitrite mosaic.jpg|[[Jupiter (mythology)|JupiterNeptunus]], kinggod ofvan thedie godssee.
Image:Mini-RomanStatue BronzeOf MarsVenus.jpg|[[MarsVenus (mythologygodin)|MarsVenus]], godgodin ofvan savageliefde waren skoonheid.
Image:[[Maia Maiestas|Maia]], goddessgodin ofvan growthalles wat groei▼Image:Mercurius.jpg|[[Mercury (mythology)|Mercury]], messenger god
Image:MinervaHades statue(Greek CherbourgMythology).jpg|[[MinervaPluto (mitologie)|Pluto]], goddesskoning ofvan wisdomHades.
Image:Neptune amphitrite mosaicPolidoro_da_Caravaggio_-_Saturnus-thumb.jpg|[[NeptuneSaturn (god)mitologie|NeptuneSaturnus]], god ofvan thedie sealandbou.
Image:Statue Of Venus.jpg|[[VenusVesta (mythologygodin)|VenusVesta]], goddessgodin ofvan lovedie and beautyvuurherd.
Image:Diego Velasquez, The Forge of Vulcan.jpg|[[ Vulcan (mythology)|Vulcan]], god ofvan die smithingsmee.▼▲Image:[[Maia Maiestas|Maia]], goddess of growth
Image:Hades (Greek Mythology).jpg|[[Pluto (mythology)|Pluto]], king of the [[Hades|underworld]]
Image:[[Proserpine]], queen of the [[Hades|underworld]]
Image:[[Quirinus]], god of defense & the state
Image:Polidoro_da_Caravaggio_-_Saturnus-thumb.jpg|[[Saturn (mythology)|Saturn]], god of agriculture
<!-- Image with unknown copyright status removed: Image:Uranus (Greek Mythology).jpg|[[Uranus (mythology)|Uranus]], God of the heavens -->
Image:[[Vesta (mythology)|Vesta]], goddess of hearth
▲Image:Diego Velasquez, The Forge of Vulcan.jpg|[[Vulcan (mythology)|Vulcan]], god of smithing
</gallery>
==Eksterne skakels==
*http://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/europe/roman/articles.html
==SourcesBronnelys==
* Alan Cameron ''Greek Mythography in the Roman World'' (2005) OUP, Oxford (reviewedhersien bydeur T. P. Wiseman in ''[[Times Literary Supplement]]'' [[13 MayMei]] [[2005]] pagebl. 29)
{{Roman myth (major)}}
[[Category:Roman mythologyMitologie|*Romeinse]]
[[Category:Indo-EuropeanRomeinse mythologyRyk|Mitologie]]--->
[[bs:Rimska mitologija]]
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