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Lyn 18: [[Louis Pasteur]] het in 1885 'n [[entstof]] teen die siekte ontwikkel. Hondsdolheid word veroorsaak deur die [[Lyssa virus]] ([[hondsdolheidvirus]]).<ref name="The Department of Health">{{cite web \|title=Rabies, Australian bat lyssavirus and other lyssaviruses \|url=http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/ohp-rabies-consumer-info.htm \|work=The Department of Health \|access-date=1 Maart 2014 \|date=Dec 2013 \|language=en \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503000652/https://www1.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/ohp-rabies-consumer-info.htm \|archive-date=3 Mei 2020 \|url-status=live \|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Die siekte word versprei wanneer 'n besmette dier speeksel oordra of wanneer 'n mens of 'n ander dier gebyt of gekrap word.<ref name="WHO2013">{{cite web \|title=Rabies Fact Sheet N°99 \|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs099/en/ \|work=World Health Organization \|access-date=28 Februarie 2014 \|date=July 2013 \|language=en \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418150500/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs099/en/ \|archive-date=18 April 2018 \|url-status=live \|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Die speeksel kan die siekte oordra wanneer dit in aanraking kom met die oë, mond of neus.<ref name="WHO2013" /> In 99% van hondsdolheidgevalle, in lande waar die siekte voorkom, word dit deur hondebyt veroorsaak.<ref name="Tint2010">{{Cite book\|author=Tintinalli, Judith E.\|title=Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide (Emergency Medicine (Tintinalli))\|publisher=McGraw-Hill\|year=2010\|pages=Chapter 152\|isbn=0-07-148480-9}}</ref> In die Amerikas is vlêrmuisbyte die mees algemene oorsaak van hondsdolheid by mense en minder as 5% is afkomstig van honde.<ref name="WHO2013" /><ref name="Tint2010">{{Cite book \|author=Tintinalli, Judith E.\|title=Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide (Emergency Medicine (Tintinalli)) \|publisher=McGraw-Hill \|year=2010\|pages=Chapter 152\|isbn=0-07-148480-9}}</~~ref~~> Knaagdiere word selde met hondsdolheid besmet.<ref name="Tint2010">{{Cite book\|author=Tintinalli, Judith E.\|title=Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide (Emergency Medicine (Tintinalli))\|publisher=McGraw-Hill\|year=2010\|pages=Chapter 152\|isbn=0-07-148480-9}}</~~ref~~> Die hondsdolheidvirus reis na die brein deur die perifere senuwees te volg. Die siekte kan slegs gediagnoseer word na die aanvang van simptome.<ref name="WHO2013" /> Inentingsprogramme en dierebeheer het die risiko van hondsdolheid, afkomstig van honde, verlaag in talle wêrelddele. <ref name="WHO2013" /> Hondsdolheid veroorsaak elke jaar ongeveer 24 000 to 60 000 sterftes ter wêreld.<ref name="Giesen2015"/><ref>{{Cite journal \|title=Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.\|journal=Lancet (London, England)\|date=10 January 2015\|volume=385\|issue=9963\|pages=117–71\|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61682-2}}</ref> Meer as 95% van die sterftes onder mense kom in Afrika en Asië voor.<ref name="WHO2013" /> Hondsdolheid is teenwoordig in meer as 150 lande en op al die vastelande behalwe Antarktika. Verskeie lande insluitend Amerika, Kanada, Japan, Australië en Wes-Europa het geen hondsdolheid onder honde nie,<ref name="WHO2013" /><ref>{{Cite book\|title=WHO Expert Consultation on Rabies: second report \|date=2013 \|publisher=WHO \|location=Geneva \|isbn=9789241209823 \|page=3 \|edition=2 \|url= http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/85346/1/9789240690943_eng.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|title=Penang on rabies alert \|url= http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2015/09/17/Penang-on-rabies-alert/ \|access-date=19 September 2015 \|publisher=The Star \|date=17 September 2015 \|language=en \|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191009122242/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2015/09/17/penang-on-rabies-alert \|archive-date=9 Oktober 2019 \|url-status=live \|df=dmy-all}}</ref> maar Suid-Afrika het in 2021 nog meer as 'n dosyn gevalle by mense aangeteken.<ref>Lyse Comins, [https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/breaking-news-human-rabies-south-africa-latest/ RABIES ALERT: City warns of spike in human cases of deadly disease], ''The South African'' (29 November 2021)</ref> Meer as 3 miljard mense woon in streke van die wêreld waar hondsdolheid voorkom. Talle klein eiland nasies het geen hondsdolheid wat voorkom nie.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Rabies-Free Countries and Political Units \|url=http://www.cdc.gov/animalimportation/rabies-free-countries.html \|work=CDC \|access-date=1 Maart 2014 \|language=en \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171123023530/https://www.cdc.gov/animalimportation/rabies-free-countries.html \|archive-date=23 November 2017 \|url-status=dead \|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Hondsdolheid: Verskil tussen weergawes