Atman (Hindoeïsme)

Atman (Sanskrit: आत्मन्) beteken die innerlike self, gees of siel.^[1]^[2] In Hindoefilosofie, veral die Vedanta-skool van Hindoeïsme, is "atman" die eerste beginsel:^[3] die ware self van ’n individu. Om moksha (bevryding) te bereik moet ’n mens selfkennis (atma gyan) opdoen.

Die ses ortodokse skole van Hindoeïsme glo daar is ’n atman in elke lewende wese. Dit verskil van Boeddhisme, wat glo daar is geen siel of self nie.^[4]^[5]

Definisie

Die Sanskrit-woord ātman beteken "essensie, asem, siel".^[6]^[7] Dit is afgelei van die Proto-Indo-Europese woord *h₁eh₁tmṓ (’n wortel wat beteken "asem"; vergelyk die Nederlandse adem en Duitse atmen "om asem te haal"). Dit kan ook verbind word met die Griekse woord atmos, waarvan die woord "atmosfeer" afgelei is.^[6]

Atman word in Hindoeïsme beskou as ewig, onverganklik, bo tyd verhewe, "nie dieselfde as liggaam of gedagtes of bewussyn nie, maar... maar iets bo dit verhewe wat hulle almal deurdring".^[8]^[9]

Atman is ’n metafisiese en spirituele begrip vir Hindoes wat dikwels in hulle geskrifte bespreek word saam met die begrip brahman.^[10]

Verwysings

↑ W.J. Johnson (2009), A Dictionary of Hinduism, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0198610250.
↑ David Lorenzen (2004), The Hindu World (reds. Sushil Mittal en Gene Thursby), Routledge, ISBN 0-415215277, ble. 208-209
↑ Deussen, Paul en Geden, A.S. The Philosophy of the Upanishads. Cosimo Classics (1 Junie 2010). bl. 86. ISBN 1616402407.
↑ John C. Plott et al (2000), Global History of Philosophy: The Axial Age, Volume 1, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-8120801585, bl. 63
↑ KN Jayatilleke (2010), Early Buddhist Theory of Knowledge, ISBN 978-8120806191, ble. 246-2492}}
↑ ^6,0 ^6,1 Atman Etymology Dictionary, Douglas Harper (2012)
↑ R Dalal (2011), The Religions of India: A Concise Guide to Nine Major Faiths, Penguin, ISBN 978-0143415176, bl. 38
↑ Roshen Dalal (2010). The Religions of India: A Concise Guide to Nine Major Faiths. Penguin Books. p. 38. ISBN 978-0-14-341517-6.
↑ Norman C. McClelland (2010). Encyclopedia of Reincarnation and Karma. McFarland. pp. 34–35. ISBN 978-0-7864-5675-8.
↑ A. L. Herman (1976). An Introduction to Indian Thought. Prentice-Hall. pp. 110–115. ISBN 978-0-13-484477-0.

Skakels

Hierdie artikel is in sy geheel of gedeeltelik uit die Engelse Wikipedia vertaal.

[1] W.J. Johnson (2009), A Dictionary of Hinduism, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0198610250.

[davidlorenzenatman-2] David Lorenzen (2004), The Hindu World (reds. Sushil Mittal en Gene Thursby), Routledge, ISBN 0-415215277, ble. 208-209

[3] Deussen, Paul en Geden, A.S. The Philosophy of the Upanishads. Cosimo Classics (1 Junie 2010). bl. 86. ISBN 1616402407.

[johnplott3-4] John C. Plott et al (2000), Global History of Philosophy: The Axial Age, Volume 1, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-8120801585, bl. 63

[4sources-5] KN Jayatilleke (2010), Early Buddhist Theory of Knowledge, ISBN 978-8120806191, ble. 246-2492}}

[dougharper-6] 6,0 ^6,1 Atman Etymology Dictionary, Douglas Harper (2012)

[auto-7] R Dalal (2011), The Religions of India: A Concise Guide to Nine Major Faiths, Penguin, ISBN 978-0143415176, bl. 38

[8] Roshen Dalal (2010). The Religions of India: A Concise Guide to Nine Major Faiths. Penguin Books. p. 38. ISBN 978-0-14-341517-6.

[9] Norman C. McClelland (2010). Encyclopedia of Reincarnation and Karma. McFarland. pp. 34–35. ISBN 978-0-7864-5675-8.

[10] A. L. Herman (1976). An Introduction to Indian Thought. Prentice-Hall. pp. 110–115. ISBN 978-0-13-484477-0.

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