Gebruiker:Pynappel/Sandput

Apollo 8
	Aardopkoms; Geneem vanaf Apollo 8 deur William Anders
Sendingtipe	Bemande maanomwentelings-BDM-vlug (C')
Operateur	NASA
COSPAR-ID	1968-118A
SATCAT-nr.	3626
Sendingstydsduur	6 dae, 3 ure, 42 sekondes
Ruimtetuigeienskappe
Ruimtetuig	Apollo-BDM-103; Apollo LTA-B;
Vervaardiger	North American Rockwell
Lanseermassa	BDM: 28 870 kg; BM: 5 621 kg; DM: 23 250 kg; SC/LM Adapter (afgewerp; verbind LTA met BDM; nie deel van die BDM-tuig nie): 1 840 kg; LTA (nie deel van die BDM nie; aan vuurpyl vasgemaak): 9 000 kg;
Landingsmassa	4 979 kg
Bemanning
Bemanningsgrootte	3
Bemanningslede	Frank F. Borman II; James A. Lovell Jr.; William A. Anders;
Roepsein	Apollo 8
Begin van sending
Lanseerdatum	21 Desember 1968 12:51:00 UTC
Vuurpyl	Saturn V SA-503
Lanseerplek	Kennedy LC-39A
Einde van sending
Herwin deur	USS Yorktown
Landingsdatum	27 Desember 1968 15:51:42 UTC
Landingsplek	Noordelike Stille Oseaan; 8°8′N 165°1′W / 8.133°N 165.017°W
Omwentelingsparameters
Perigeumhoogte	184,40 km
Apogeumhoogte	185,18 km
Helling	32,15 grade
Periode	88,19 minute
Epog	21 Desember 1968 ~13:02 UTC
Rewolusies	2
Maan-omwentelaar
Ruimtetuigkomponent	BDM
Invalid parameter	24 Desember 1968 9:59:20 UTC
"departure_date" should not be set for missions of this nature	25 Desember 1968, 6:10:17 UTC
Omwentelings	10
	; Van links na regs: Lovell, Anders, Borman Apollo-program ← Apollo 7 Apollo 9 →

Engels

en:Apollo 8

Verwysings

↑ Overbye, Dennis (21 Desember 2018). "Apollo 8's Earthrise: The Shot Seen Round the World—Half a century ago today, a photograph from the moon helped humans rediscover Earth" [Apollo 8 se Aardopkoms: Die Foto Wat Regoor die Wêreld Gesien is - 'n Halfeeu gelede het 'n foto geneem vanaf die Maan mense gehelp om die Aarde te herontdek.]. The New York Times. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 1 Januarie 2022. Besoek op 24 Desember 2018.
↑ Boulton, Matthew Myer; Heithaus, Joseph (24 Desember 2018). "We Are All Riders on the Same Planet—Seen from space 50 years ago, Earth appeared as a gift to preserve and cherish. What happened?". The New York Times. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 1 Januarie 2022. Besoek op 25 Desember 2018.
↑ Widmer, Ted (24 Desember 2018). "What Did Plato Think the Earth Looked Like? – For millenniums, humans have tried to imagine the world in space. Fifty years ago, we finally saw it". The New York Times. Besoek op 25 Desember 2018.
↑ "Apollo 8". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. Besoek op 21 November 2019.
↑ "Apollo 8". NASA. 9 Julie 2009. Besoek op 25 November 2018.
↑ "Apollo 8 Press Kit" (PDF) (Press kit). NASA. 15 Desember 1968. pp. 33–34. Release No. 68-208. Geargiveer (PDF) vanaf die oorspronklike op 9 Oktober 2022. Besoek op 28 Junie 2013. The spacecraft mass at launch includes the BM and DM, but excludes the 4 000 kilograms (8 900 lb) Launch Escape System (LES), which was discarded before reaching Earth orbit.
↑ "Pre-Launch Mission Operation Report No. M-932-68-08" (PDF) (Memorandum). NASA. 17 Desember 1968. p. 30. M-932-68-08. Geargiveer (PDF) vanaf die oorspronklike op 9 Oktober 2022. Besoek op 12 Februarie 2019.
↑ "Apollo 8 Mission Report" (PDF). NASA. Februarie 1969. p. A-14. MSC-PA-R-69-1. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike (PDF) op 2 Maart 2013. Besoek op 28 Junie 2013. The mass for LTA-B was less than that of a flying LM, because it was essentially a boilerplate descent stage. A fully loaded, flight-ready LM, like the Eagle from Apollo 11, had a mass of 15 095 kilograms (33 278 lb), including propellants.
↑ "Apollo 8". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. Besoek op 9 Januarie 2023.
↑ ^10,0 ^10,1 ^10,2 "Apollo 8 Mission Report" (PDF). NASA. Februarie 1969. p. 3-2. MSC-PA-R-69-1. Besoek op 28 Junie 2013.
↑ "Apollo 8 Mission Report" (PDF). NASA. Februarie 1969. p. 3-1. MSC-PA-R-69-1. Besoek op 8 Mei 2015.

Verwysingfout: <ref> tags exist for a group named "n", but no corresponding <references group="n"/> tag was found

[NYT-20181221-1] Overbye, Dennis (21 Desember 2018). "Apollo 8's Earthrise: The Shot Seen Round the World—Half a century ago today, a photograph from the moon helped humans rediscover Earth" [Apollo 8 se Aardopkoms: Die Foto Wat Regoor die Wêreld Gesien is - 'n Halfeeu gelede het 'n foto geneem vanaf die Maan mense gehelp om die Aarde te herontdek.]. The New York Times. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 1 Januarie 2022. Besoek op 24 Desember 2018.

[NYT-20181224a-2] Boulton, Matthew Myer; Heithaus, Joseph (24 Desember 2018). "We Are All Riders on the Same Planet—Seen from space 50 years ago, Earth appeared as a gift to preserve and cherish. What happened?". The New York Times. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 1 Januarie 2022. Besoek op 25 Desember 2018.

[NYT-20181224b-3] Widmer, Ted (24 Desember 2018). "What Did Plato Think the Earth Looked Like? – For millenniums, humans have tried to imagine the world in space. Fifty years ago, we finally saw it". The New York Times. Besoek op 25 Desember 2018.

[4] "Apollo 8". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. Besoek op 21 November 2019.

[5] "Apollo 8". NASA. 9 Julie 2009. Besoek op 25 November 2018.

[PressKit-6] "Apollo 8 Press Kit" (PDF) (Press kit). NASA. 15 Desember 1968. pp. 33–34. Release No. 68-208. Geargiveer (PDF) vanaf die oorspronklike op 9 Oktober 2022. Besoek op 28 Junie 2013. The spacecraft mass at launch includes the BM and DM, but excludes the 4 000 kilograms (8 900 lb) Launch Escape System (LES), which was discarded before reaching Earth orbit.

[prelaunch-7] "Pre-Launch Mission Operation Report No. M-932-68-08" (PDF) (Memorandum). NASA. 17 Desember 1968. p. 30. M-932-68-08. Geargiveer (PDF) vanaf die oorspronklike op 9 Oktober 2022. Besoek op 12 Februarie 2019.

[8] "Apollo 8 Mission Report" (PDF). NASA. Februarie 1969. p. A-14. MSC-PA-R-69-1. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike (PDF) op 2 Maart 2013. Besoek op 28 Junie 2013. The mass for LTA-B was less than that of a flying LM, because it was essentially a boilerplate descent stage. A fully loaded, flight-ready LM, like the Eagle from Apollo 11, had a mass of 15 095 kilograms (33 278 lb), including propellants.

[9] "Apollo 8". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. Besoek op 9 Januarie 2023.

[MissionReport-11] 10,0 ^10,1 ^10,2 "Apollo 8 Mission Report" (PDF). NASA. Februarie 1969. p. 3-2. MSC-PA-R-69-1. Besoek op 28 Junie 2013.

[12] "Apollo 8 Mission Report" (PDF). NASA. Februarie 1969. p. 3-1. MSC-PA-R-69-1. Besoek op 8 Mei 2015.

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Ruimtetuigeienskappe
Aardopkoms Geneem vanaf Apollo 8 deur William Anders^[1]^[2]^[3]

Sendingtipe	Bemande maanomwentelings-BDM-vlug (C')
Operateur	NASA
COSPAR-ID	1968-118A
SATCAT-nr.	3626^[4]
Sendingstydsduur	6 dae, 3 ure, 42 sekondes^[5]


Ruimtetuig	Apollo-BDM-103 Apollo LTA-B
Vervaardiger	North American Rockwell
Lanseermassa	BDM: 28 870 kg^[6] BM: 5 621 kg DM: 23 250 kg SC/LM Adapter (afgewerp; verbind LTA met BDM; nie deel van die BDM-tuig nie): 1 840 kg^[7] LTA (nie deel van die BDM nie; aan vuurpyl vasgemaak): 9 000 kg^[8]
Landingsmassa	4 979 kg


Bemanning
Bemanningsgrootte	3
Bemanningslede	Frank F. Borman II James A. Lovell Jr. William A. Anders
Roepsein	Apollo 8


Begin van sending
Lanseerdatum	21 Desember 1968 12:51:00 UTC^[9]
Vuurpyl	Saturn V SA-503^{[n 1]}
Lanseerplek	Kennedy LC-39A


Einde van sending
Herwin deur	USS Yorktown
Landingsdatum	27 Desember 1968 15:51:42 UTC^[10]
Landingsplek	Noordelike Stille Oseaan 8°8′N 165°1′W / 8.133°N 165.017°W / 8.133; -165.017 (Apollo 8 landing)^[10]


Omwentelingsparameters
Perigeumhoogte	184,40 km
Apogeumhoogte	185,18 km
Helling	32,15 grade
Periode	88,19 minute
Epog	21 Desember 1968 ~13:02 UTC
Rewolusies	2


Maan-omwentelaar
Ruimtetuigkomponent	BDM
Invalid parameter	24 Desember 1968 9:59:20 UTC^[11]
"departure_date" should not be set for missions of this nature	25 Desember 1968, 6:10:17 UTC^[10]
Omwentelings	10

Van links na regs: Lovell, Anders, Borman Apollo-program ← Apollo 7 Apollo 9 →