Nederland in die Tweede Wêreldoorlog

Nederland se betrokkenheid by die Tweede Wêreldoorlog

Toe Nederland betrokke was by die Tweede Wêreldoorlog, wat van 1940 tot 1945 geduur het, is Nederland deur Duitsland in beslag geneem. Hulle is uiteindelik op 10 Mei 1940 deur die Kanadese bevry.

Rotterdam na die bombardement tydens die oorlog.

Nederlandse voorbereiding

wysig

Voordat Duitsland Nederland binnegeval het, het Duitsland reeds Oostenryk, Tsjeggo-Slowakye en Pole beslag gelê. Daar was 'n goeie kans dat een of alle lande in die Benelux binnegeval sou word.

Nederland wou in vrede bly en nie by die oorlog betrokke wees soos in die Eerste Wêreldoorlog nie, maar op 10 Mei 1940 het Duitsland saam met België en Luxemburg Nederland binnegeval.

Toe Nederland binnegeval is, was die Nederlanders swak voorbereid. Hulle het ou wapens en kanonne (soos die Geweer M. 95) gehad. Die Duitse leër was baie groter en het beter wapens gehad. Nederland het op 17 Mei 1940 oorgegee.

Duitse besetting

wysig

Nadat Nederland beset is, was daar aan die begin min verskil wat sleg was vir die inwoners. Duitse soldate het vir goedere betaal en normaalweg met die bevolking gepraat, maar kort ná die besetting het Jode minder regte gehad. Borde met die opskrif "Verbode vir Jode" is by swembaddens, winkels en banke opgehang.

Bronne

wysig
  • Bijvoet, Tom and Van Arragon Hutten, Anne. The Dutch in Wartime, Survivors Remember (Mokeham Publishing, Oakville, Ontario 2011-2017) The Dutch in Wartime
  • Croes, Marnix (Winter 2006). "The Holocaust in the Netherlands and the Rate of Jewish Survival'" (PDF). Holocaust and Genocide Studies. Research and Documentation Center of the Netherlands Ministry of Justice. 20 (3): 474–499. doi:10.1093/hgs/dcl022. S2CID 37573804.
  • De Zwarte, Ingrid. The Hunger Winter: Fighting Famine in the Occupied Netherlands, 1944–1945 (Cambridge University Press, 2020) online.
  • Dewulf, Jeroen. Spirit of Resistance: Dutch Clandestine Literature during the Nazi Occupation (Rochester NY: Camden House 2010)
  • Diederichs, Monika. "Stigma and Silence: Dutch Women, German Soldiers and their children", in Kjersti Ericsson and Eva Simonsen, eds. Children of World War II: The Hidden Enemy Legacy (Oxford U.P. 2005), 151–64.
  • Foot, Michael, ed. Holland at war against Hitler: Anglo-Dutch relations 1940–1945 (1990) excerpt and text search
  • Foray, Jennifer L. "The 'Clean Wehrmacht' in the German-occupied Netherlands, 1940–5," Journal of Contemporary History 2010 45:768-787 doi:10.1177/0022009410375178
  • Friedhoff, Herman. Requiem for the Resistance: The Civilian Struggle Against Nazism in Holland and Germany (1989)
  • Goddard, Lance. Canada and the liberation of the Netherlands, May 1945 (2005)
  • Hirschfeld, Gerhard. Nazi Rule and Dutch Collaboration: The Netherlands under German Occupation 1940–1945 (Oxford U.P., 1998)
  • Hirschfeld, Gerhard. "Collaboration and Attentism in the Netherlands 1940–41," Journal of Contemporary History (1981) 16#3 pp 467–486. Focus on the "Netherlands Union" active in 1940–41 in JSTOR
  • Hitchcock, William I. The Bitter Road to Freedom: The Human Cost of Allied Victory in World War II Europe (2009) ch 3 is "Hunger: The Netherlands and the Politics of Food," pp 98–129
  • Maas, Walter B. The Netherlands at war: 1940–1945 (1970)
  • Mark, Chris (1997). Schepen van de Koninklijke Marine in W.O. II. Alkmaar: De Alk b.v. ISBN 9789060135228.
  • Moore, Bob. " Occupation, Collaboration and Resistance: Some Recent Publications on the Netherlands During the Second World War," European History Quarterly (1991) 211 pp 109–118. Online at Sage
  • Sellin, Thorsten, ed. "The Netherlands during German Occupation," Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science Vol. 245, May, 1946 pp i to 180 in JSTOR, 18 essays by experts; focus on home front economics, society, Resistance, Jews
  • van der Zee, Henri A. The hunger winter: occupied Holland, 1944–1945 (U of Nebraska Press, 1998) excerpt and text search
  • Warmbrunn, Werner. The Dutch under German Occupation 1940–1945 (Stanford U.P. 1963)
  • Zuehlke, Mark. On to Victory: The Canadian Liberation of the Netherlands, March 23 – May 5, 1945 (D & M Publishers, 2010.)