Oorgangsmetaal: Verskil tussen weergawes
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Lyn 23:
==Die oorgang==
In hierdie blok raak die d-orbitale opgevul. Daar vind 'n oorgang van [[valenselektron]]e na kernelektrone plaas: in die blok se eerste kolomme kan alle d-elektrone as valenselektrone optree. 'n Element soos [[vanadium]] het daardeur 'n hoogste oksidasietoestand van 5+, hoewel dit ook laer toestande soos 4+, 3+ or 2+ kan vertoon, waar net 'n deel van die d-elektrone as valenselektron optree. Omrede die afskerming van die kernlading deur die d-elektrone wat opgevul raak nie effektief is nie, word die energie van die d-orbitale geleidelik laer. In die tweede helfte van die blok kan nie alle d-elektrone meer as valenselektrone optree nie. Byvoorbeeld [[osmium]] wat 6 d-elektrone en 2 s-elektrone het vorm Os(VIII)-verbindings soos {{Chem|Os|O|4}} maar [[yster]] wat in dieselfde groep behoort is gewoonlik Fe(II) of Fe(III) hoewel dit soms Fe(VI) kan bereik, maar nie Fe(VIII) nie. Aan die einde van die blok, soos by sink, word die volle d-skil eintlik kernelektrone en die element vorm net Zn(II) deur sy s-elektrone te verloor.
By die elemente van die [[p-blok]] wat volg, soos [[gallium]] ens.
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