Auguste Rodin: Verskil tussen weergawes

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[[File:Brooklyn Museum - M. Auguste Rodin - Edward Steichen.jpg|thumb|left|150px|M. Auguste Rodin - foto deur [[Edward Steichen]], ca. 1911]]
 
In 1864, het Rodin submittedsy hiseerste first sculpture for exhibitionbeeldhouwerk, ''TheDie Man withmet thedie BrokenGebreekte NoseNeus'', toaan thedie [[ParisParys Salon]] gesubmiteer vir 'n uitstalling. TheDie subjectmodel was an'n elderlybejaarde neighbourhoodstraatportier streetvan porterdie buurt. TheDie unconventionalongewone [[bronzebrons]] piecestuk was notnie a'n traditionaltradisionele [[bust (sculpture)|bustborsbeeld]] nie, butmaar insteadin thestede headhiervan was "brokendie offkop "afgebreek" atby thedie necknek, thedie noseneus was flattenedplat anden crookedskeef, anden thedie backagterkant ofvan thedie headkop was absent,afwesig. having(dit fallenhet offvan thedie clayklei model inafgeval angedurende accident.'n Theongeluk) workDie emphasizedwerk texturehet andklem thegeplaas emotionalop statetekstuur, ofasook theop subjectdie emosionele toestand van die model; itdit illustratedhet thedie "unfinishednessonvoltooidheid" that wouldgeïllustreer characterizewat manybaie ofvan Rodin's laterse sculptureslatere werke sou karakteriseer.<ref>Janson, 637.</ref> TheDie Salon rejectedhet die thewerk pieceverwerp.
 
===Vroeë figure: die inspirasie van Italië===
In Brussels,Brussel het Rodin, nadat hy van Italië teruggekeer het, sy createdeerste hisvolskaalse firstwerk full-scalegeskep worknaamlik, ''[[TheDie AgeEra ofvan BronzeBrons]]'',. havingDie returnedwerk fromwas Italy.gemodelleer Modeledop after'n aBelgiese Belgian soldiersoldaat, theen figurehet drewsy inspirationinspirasie fromgeput uit [[Michelangelo's]] se ''[[DyingSterwende SlaveSlaaf]]'', whichwaarop Rodin hadgelet observedhet atop thesy besoeke aan die [[Louvre]]. AttemptingRodin tohet combinegepoog om [[Michelangelo's]] masteryse ofbemeestering thevan humandie formmenslike withvorm histe ownkombineer sensemet ofsy humaneie naturesin van menslike natuur, Rodinen studiedhet hissy model fromvan alle allhoeke anglesbestudeer, atop restrus anden in motion;beweging. heHy mountedhet a'n ladderleer forbestyg additionalvir perspectivebykomende perspektiewe, anden madehet clay models,kleimodelle whichgemaak hewat studiedhy by candlelightkerslig bestudeer her. TheDie resultresultaat was a'n life-sizelewensgrootte, well-proportionedgoed nudegeproporsioneerde figurenaakfiguur, posedwat unconventionallyop withongewone hiswyse rightmet handsy atopregterhand hisbo head,op andsy hiskop leftstaan, armterwyl heldsy outlinkerhand ataan hissy sidelinkersy is, forearmdie voorarm parallel tomet thedie bodyliggaam.
 
In 1877, thehet workdie debutedwerk sy buiging in BrusselsBrussel andgemaak, thenen wasis showndaarna atby thedie ParisParys Salon gewys. TheDie statue'sstandbeeld apparentse lackklaarblyklike ofgebrek aaan theme'n tema was troublingvir tokritici critics&nbsp;–'n commemoratingsteen neitherdes mythologyaanstoots norin adat nobledit historicalnòg event&nbsp;–mitologie, andnòg it'n isedele nothistoriese cleargebeurtenis whetherherdenk het-en omdat dit nie duidelik was of Rodin intendedwel a'n tema in gedagte gehad het themenie.<ref>Hale, 50.</ref> HeRodin firsthet titledaanvanklik thedie worktitel ''TheDie VanquishedOorwonne'' aan die werk gegee, in whichwelke formvorm thedie leftlinkerhand hand'n heldspies avasgeklem spearhet, butmaar hehy removedhet thedie spearspies becauseverwyder itomdat obstructeddit theteen torsosekere fromhoeke certaindie anglestorso versper het. AfterNa twonog moretwee intermediarytussentydse titlestitels, het Rodin settleduiteindelik ondie titel ''TheDie AgeEra ofvan BronzeBrons'' aan die werk gegee, suggestingwat thedie [[Bronze AgeBronstydperk]] voorstel, anden in Rodin's wordsse woorde, "die man arisingwat fromuit naturedie natuur uit opstaan".<ref> name="H51">Hale, 51.</ref> Later, however,het Rodin saidegter thatgesê hedat hadwat hadhy in mindgedagte gehad het "justbloot a'n simpleeenvoudige piecestuk ofbeeldhouwerk sculpturewas withoutsonder referenceverwysing tona subjectenige onderwerp".<ref> name="H51"</ref>
 
ItsDie masterywerk ofse form,bemeestering van lightvorm, andlig shadowen madeskadu themaak workdat lookdit so realisticrealistiese thatdaaruitsien, dat Rodin was accused ofvan ''surmoulageSurmoulage''&nbsp;– havingbeskuldig takenis-te awete castdie fromgiet avan living'n modelwerk vanaf 'n lewende persoon se liggaam. Rodin vigorouslyhet denieddie thebewering chargesontken, writingen toaan newspaperskoerante andgeskryf havingen photographsfotos takengeneem ofvan thedie model toom provete howwys thedat sculpturedie differedbeeldhouwerk van die model verskil het. HeRodin demandedhet andaarop inquiryaangedring anddat 'n ondersoek gehou word, en was eventuallyeventueel exoneratedonskuldig bybevind adeur 'n committeekomitee ofvan sculptorsbeeldhouers. LeavingBehalwe asidevir thedie falsevalse chargesbewerings, thehet piecedie polarizedwerk critics.ook Itkritici hadgepolariseer. barelyDit wonwas acceptanceskaars foraanvaar displayvir attentoonstelling by thedie ParisParys Salon, anden criticismkritici likenedhet itdit tovergelyk "amet statue'n of"standbeeld avan 'n sleepwalkerslaapwandelaar" anden called itdit "an astonishingly'n accuratebaie copyakkurate ofkopie avan low'n typelae tipe" genoem. <ref> name="H51"</ref> OthersAndere ralliedhet todie defendstuk theen pieceRodin andse Rodin'sintegriteit integrityverdedig. TheDie government ministerregeringsminister Turquet admiredhet die thestuk piecebewonder, anden ''The"Die AgeEra ofvan Bronze''Brons" was purchased bydeur thedie statestaat forvir 2,200 [[francFranc]]s&nbsp gekoop;– whatdie itprys hadwat costdit Rodin togekos havehet itom castdit in bronzebrons te laat giet.<ref> name="H51"</ref>
 
[[File:St-John-the-Baptist-Preaching.jpg|alt=Nude man holding is hand out, as if explaining a point.|thumb|upright|''Die HeiligeSint Johannes die Doper wat preek'' (1878).]]
ADie secondtweede malemanlike nudenaakfiguur, ''[[SaintSint JohnJohannes thedie BaptistDoper (Rodin)|St.Sint JohnJohannes thedie BaptistDoper Preachingwat preek]]'', was completed in 1878 voltooi. Rodin soughthet toprobeer avoidom anothernog charge'n aanklag ofvan ''surmoulage'' byte makingvermy thedeur statuedie largerstandbeeld thangroter lifeas lewensgrootte te maak: ''St.Sint JohnJohannes'' standsis almostbyna 6' 7" <nowiki>'' lank</nowiki> (2&nbsp;m). WhileTerwyl ''TheDie AgeEra ofvan BronzeBrons'' isstaties staticallygeposisioneer posedis, wil dit voorkom asof ''St.Sint JohnJohannes'' gesturesnadertree andaan seemsdie toaanskouer. moveDie towardeffek theword viewer.behaal, Theten effectspyte ofdaarvan walkingdat isbeide achieveddie despitefiguur these figurevoete havingferm bothop feetdie firmlygrond ongeplant theis-'n ground&nbsp;–tegniese aprestasie technicalwat achievementdeur thatdie wasmeeste lostkontemporêre onkritici mostopgelet contemporary criticsis.<ref>Hale, 80.</ref> Rodin chosehet thishierdie contradictoryteenstellende positionposisie toverkies om, in hissy eie wordswoorde, "display simultaneouslytegelykertyd...views ofaansigte anvan object'n whichvoorwerp inten facttoon cante bestel seenwat onlyeintlik successivelyslegs op opeenvolgende wyse gesien kan word".<ref> name="H68">Hale, 68.</ref>
 
DespiteTen thespyte title,van die titel ''St.Sint JohnJohannnes thedie BaptistDoper Preachingwat preek'' didhet notdie havewerk annie obviously'n religiousduidelike themegodsdienstige tema gehad nie. TheDie model, an'n ItalianItaliaanse peasantlyfeiene whowat presentedhomself himself atby Rodin's se studio aangemeld het, possessedhet anbeskik idiosyncraticoor sense'n ofidiosinkratiese movementsin thatvir beweging wat Rodin feltwou compelledvasvang toof captureverewig. Rodin thoughthet ofgedink aan [[JohnJohannes thedie BaptistDoper]], anden carriedhet thatdie associationassosiasie intona thedie titletitel ofvan thedie workwerk oorgedra. <ref> name="H68"</ref> In 1880, het Rodin submitteddie thewerk sculptureaan todie the ParisParyse Salon gesubmiteer. CriticsKritici werewas stillsteeds mostlymeestal dismissiveafwysend ofoor hisdie workwerk, butmaar die thestuk piecehet finishedderde thirdgeëindig in thedie Salon's sculpturese categorykategorie vir beeldhouwerk.<ref> name="H68"</ref>
 
Regardless of the immediate receptions of ''St. John'' and ''The Age of Bronze'', Rodin had achieved a new degree of fame. Students sought him at his studio, praising his work and scorning the charges of ''surmoulage''. The artistic community knew his name.
 
Ten spyte van die onmiddellike ontvangs van ''Sint Johannes'' en ''Die Era van Brons'', het Rodin bekendheid daardeur verwerf. Studente het hom by sy studio opgesoek, sy werk geprys, en die bewerings van ''surmoulage'' verwerp. Die artistiese gemeenskap was derhalwe nou goed bekend met die naam van Rodin.
===''Die Hekke van die Hel''===
[[File:Zürich - Kunsthaus - Rodin's Höllentor IMG 7384 ShiftN.jpg|alt=Ornate, bronze door panels and frame showing figures and scenes in relief.|thumb|upright|''[[Die Hekke van die Hel]]'' (onvoltooid), [[Kunsthaus Zürich]]]]