Nigerië: Verskil tussen weergawes

|amptelike_tale = [[Engels]]<br /><small>'''Nasionale tale''': [[Hausa]], [[Igbo]] en [[Joroeba]]<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://wipolex.wipo.int/en/text/179202 |title=Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 |publisher=WIPO |accessdateaccess-date=27 Maart 2020 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190324072901/https://wipolex.wipo.int/en/text/179202 |archive-date=24 Maart 2019 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref></small>

|bevolking_skatting = 204&nbsp;630&nbsp;242<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://population.un.org/wpp/DataQuery/ |title=UN Projection |website=World Population Prospects 2017 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200523042113/https://population.un.org/wpp/DataQuery/ |archive-date=23 Mei 2020 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

|MOI = {{wins}} 0,534<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/2019-human-development-index-ranking |title=2019 Human Development Index Ranking |date=2019 |accessdateaccess-date=27 Maart 2020 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522105533/http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/2019-human-development-index-ranking |archive-date=22 Mei 2020 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

|Gini = 43,0<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=NG |title=Gini Index |publisher=[[Wêreldbank]] |accessdateaccess-date=27 Maart 2020 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327190007/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI%3Flocations%3DNG |archive-date=27 Maart 2020 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

'''Nigerië''' ([[Engels]]: ''Nigeria'', [naɪˈdʒɪəriə], {{Audio|En-us-Nigeria.ogg|luister}}; [[Hausa]]: ''Nijeriya''; [[Igbo]]: ''Naijiria''; [[Joroeba]]: ''Nàìjíríà''), amptelik die '''Federale Republiek Nigerië''' (Engels: ''Federal Republic of Nigeria''; Hausa: ''Jamhuriyar Taraiyar Najeriya''; Igbo: ''Ọ̀hàńjíkọ̀ Ọ̀hànézè Naìjíríyà''; Joroeba: ''Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìniira Àpapọ̀ Nàìjíríà''), is 'n federale presidensiële grondwetlike [[republiek]] geleë in [[Wes-Afrika]], aangrensend aan [[Benin]] in die weste, [[Tsjad]] en [[Kameroen]] in die ooste, en [[Niger]] in die noorde. Sy kus is in die suide aan die [[Golf van Guinee]] in die [[Atlantiese Oseaan]] geleë. Die land bestaan uit 36 deelstate en die federale hoofkwartier is in die streek van die hoofstad, [[Abuja]]. Nigerië is amptelik 'n sekulêre land.<ref>{{en}}cite web {{Webaanhaling|url=http://www.nigeria-law.org/ConstitutionOfTheFederalRepublicOfNigeria.htm#Powers_of_Federal_Republic_of_Nigeria |titeltitle=Nigerian Constitution |werkwork=Nigeria Law |toegangsdatumaccess-date=17 Julie 2015 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515002448/https://www.nigeria-law.org/ConstitutionOfTheFederalRepublicOfNigeria.htm |archive-date=15 Mei 2020 |url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Die hedendaagse Nigerië het 'n geskiedenis van talle koninkryke en stamstate wat deur die millennia gekom en gegaan het. Die moderne land se oorsprong kom uit die Britse koloniale bewind van die 19de eeu, en die samesmelting van die Noord- en Suid-Nigeriese protektorate in 1914. Die Britte het administratiewe en wetlike strukture gevestig en die gebied onregstreeks deur kapteinskappe beheer. Nigerië het in 1960 'n formele onafhanklike federasie geword, en was daarna, vanaf 1967 tot 1970, in 'n [[burgeroorlog]] gedompel. Sedertdien het die regerings gereeld tussen demokraties verkose regerings en militêre diktature gewissel, totdat dit in 1999 'n stabiele demokrasie gekry het. Die presidensiële verkiesing in 2011 word as die redelikste vry en regverdige verkiesing tot dusver beskou.<ref name="New York">{{en}} {{cite news |last=Nossiter |first=Adam |title=Nigerians Vote in Presidential Election |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/17/world/africa/17nigeria.html?pagewanted=1&_r=1&hp |accessdateaccess-date=17 April 2011 |newspaper=The New York Times |date=16 April 2011 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824165122/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/17/world/africa/17nigeria.html?pagewanted=1 |archive-date=24 Augustus 2019 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Daar word dikwels na Nigerië as die "Reus van Afrika" verwys, oor sy groot bevolking en ekonomie.<ref name="giant">{{en}} ''Nigeria: Giant of Africa,'' by Peter Holmes 1987</ref> Met 'n bevolking van sowat 205 miljoen is Nigerië die digsbevolkte land in [[Afrika]] en die sewende digsbevolkte land in die wêreld – volgens die [[lys van lande volgens bevolking]]. Nigerië het ook die jongste bevolking in die wêreld.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book|title=The CIAWorld Fact Book 2014|date=2013|publisher=Skyhorse Publishing, Inc|isbn=978-1-62636-073-0}}</ref><ref name="Profile">{{en}} {{cite journal|last=Library of Congress – Federal Research Division|title=Country profile: Nigeria|date=Julie 2008|page=9|url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Nigeria.pdf|accessdate=28 Desember 2011}}</ref> Die land word ook as 'n multinasionale land gereken, met sy meer as 500 etniese groepe, waarvan die drie grootste, die [[Hausa (volk)|Hausa]], [[Igbo (volk)|Igbo]] en die [[Joroeba (volk)|Joroeba]] is. Die etniese groepe praat 500 verskillende tale, en word met 'n wye verskeidenheid van kulture vereenselwig.<ref>{{en}}cite web {{Webaanhaling|url=http://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/africa-jan-june07-ethnic_04-05/ |titeltitle=Ethnicity in Nigeria |uitgewerpublisher=PBS |date=5 April 2007 |toegangsdatumaccess-date=9 Mei 2015 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006235712/http://www.pbs.org:80/newshour/updates/africa-jan-june07-ethnic_04-05/ |archive-date=6 Oktober 2017 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{en}}cite web {{Webaanhaling|url=http://www.onlinenigeria.com/tribes/tribes.asp |titeltitle=Nigeria's Identifiable Ethnic Groups |uitgewerpublisher=OnlineNigeria |date=Otite, O. |toegangsdatumaccess-date=9 Mei 2015 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820081636/https://www.onlinenigeria.com/tribes/tribes.asp |archive-date=20 Augustus 2018 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Die [[amptelike taal]] is Engels, terwyl Hausa, Igbo en Joroeba as nasionale tale erken word en in die parlement gebruik mag word. Nigerië word rofweg verdeel in die helfte wat [[Christene]] is, wat merendeels in die suide van die land bly, en [[Moslem]]s in die noordelike streke. 'n Minderheid van die bevolking bedryf inheemse gelowe, soos die Igbo- en die Joroeba-boorlinge.

Nigerië is sedert 2015 die wêreld se [[lys van lande volgens BBP (Koopkragpariteit)|20ste]] grootste ekonomie. Dit het [[Suid-Afrika]] in 2014 verbygesteek om Afrika se grootste ekonomie te word.<ref>{{en}}cite web {{Webaanhaling|titeltitle=Nigeria becomes Africa's largest economy |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2014/04/nigeria-becomes-africa-largest-economy-20144618190520102.html |toegangsdatumaccess-date=5 April 2014 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409215414/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2014/04/nigeria-becomes-africa-largest-economy-20144618190520102.html |archive-date=9 April 2020 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{en}}cite web {{Webaanhaling|titeltitle=Nigerian Economy Overtakes South Africa's on Rebased GDP |url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-04-06/nigerian-economy-overtakes-south-africa-s-on-rebased-gdp.html |toegangsdatumaccess-date=20 April 2014 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110130007/http://www.bloomberg.com:80/news/2014-04-06/nigerian-economy-overtakes-south-africa-s-on-rebased-gdp.html |archive-date=10 Januarie 2015 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Nigerië word deur die [[Wêreldbank]] as 'n ontluikende mark beskou;<ref>{{en}}cite web {{Webaanhaling|url=http://data.worldbank.org/country/nigeria |titeltitle=Nigeria |uitgewerpublisher=World Bank |toegangsdatumaccess-date=28 November 2013 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200516214840/https://data.worldbank.org/country/nigeria |archive-date=16 Mei 2020 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Dit is geïdentifiseer as 'n streeksmag op die [[Afrika]]kontinent,<ref name="NigeriaTradesmark">{{en}}cite web {{Webaanhaling|titeltitle=Nigeria is poised to become Africa's most powerful nation |url=http://www.trademarksa.org/news/nigeria-poised-become-africa-s-most-powerful-nation |toegangsdatumaccess-date=28 November 2013 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303110039/https://www.trademarksa.org/news/nigeria-poised-become-africa-s-most-powerful-nation |archive-date=3 Maart 2018 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{en}}cite web {{Webaanhaling|titeltitle=Nigeria |url=http://www.westafricagateway.org/west-africa/country-profiles/nigeria |toegangsdatumaccess-date=25 Augustus 2013 |uitgewerpublisher=West Africa Gateway |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181211010207/https://www.westafricagateway.org/west-africa/country-profiles/nigeria |archive-date=11 Desember 2018 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{en}}cite web {{Webaanhaling|titeltitle=Nigeria |url=http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/nigeria/09372.pdf |toegangsdatumaccess-date=28 November 2013 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819064141/http://library.fes.de:80/pdf-files/bueros/nigeria/09372.pdf |archive-date=19 Augustus 2019 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> 'n middelmag in internasionale aangeleenthede,<ref name="Cooper et al">{{en}} Andrew F. Cooper, Agata Antkiewicz and Timothy M. Shaw, 'Lessons from/for BRICSAM about South-North Relations at the Start of the 21st Century: Economic Size Trumps All Else?'</ref><ref>{{en}} Meltem Myftyler and Myberra Yyksel, 'Turkey: A Middle Power in the New Order', in ''Niche Diplomacy: Middle Powers After the Cold War'', edited by Andrew F. Cooper (London: Macmillan, 1997).</ref><ref name="Mace-Belanger">{{en}} Mace G, Belanger L (1999) [https://books.google.com/books?id=kZlDRD2vL6IC The Americas in Transition: The Contours of Regionalism] (bl. 153)</ref><ref name="Solomon">{{en}} Solomon S (1997) [http://www.issafrica.org/Pubs/Monographs/No13/Solomon.html South African Foreign Policy and Middle Power Leadership], ''ISS''</ref> en is ook geïdentifiseer as 'n ontluikende wêreldmag.<ref>{{en}}cite web {{Webaanhaling|url=http://www.bet.com/news/global/2011/07/20/nigeria-an-emerging-african-power.html |titeltitle=Nigeria, an Emerging African Power |uitgewerpublisher=BET |date=20 Julie 2011 |toegangsdatumaccess-date=27 April 2015 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513060523/https://www.bet.com/news/global/2011/07/20/nigeria-an-emerging-african-power.html |archive-date=13 Mei 2019 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{en}}cite web {{Webaanhaling|url=http://thestreetjournal.org/2014/01/mint-countries-nigeria-now-listed-among-emerging-world-economic-powers/ |titeltitle=MINT Countries: Nigeria Now Listed Among Emerging World Economic Powers! |uitgewerpublisher=The Street Journal |date=7 Januarie 2014 |toegangsdatumaccess-date=27 April 2015 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513060455/http://thestreetjournal.org/2014/01/mint-countries-nigeria-now-listed-among-emerging-world-economic-powers/ |archive-date=13 Mei 2019 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{en}}cite web {{Webaanhaling|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-25548060 |titeltitle=The Mint countries: Next economic giants? |uitgewerpublisher=[[BBC]] |date=6 Januarie 2014 |toegangsdatumaccess-date=27 April 2015 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200514161551/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-25548060 |archive-date=14 Mei 2020 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Dit word ook gelys as een van die "Volgende Elf" ekonomiese magte wat op die punt staan om een van die magtigste in die wêreld te word. Nigerië is 'n lidland van die [[Afrika-unie]], [[Britse Statebond]], [[Ekonomiese Gemeenskap van Wes-Afrika-state]], [[OPUL]], [[Organisasie van Islamitiese Samewerking]] en die [[Verenigde Nasies]].

Die noordooste van die land is sedert 2002 deur sektariese geweld van [[Boko Haram]], 'n [[Islam]]itiese beweging, geteister wat daarop aandring dat die sekulêre stelsel afgeskaf en met [[sjaria]]-gebruike vervang word.<ref name="AJAN">{{en}}cite web {{Webaanhaling|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2011/12/20111224124241652788.html |titeltitle=Dozens killed in Nigeria clashes |uitgewerpublisher=Al Jazeera |date=24 Desember 2011 |toegangsdatumaccess-date=24 Desember 2011 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200518173928/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2011/12/20111224124241652788.html |archive-date=18 Mei 2020 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="Olugbode">{{en}} {{cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201102030036.html|title=Nigeria: We Are Responsible for Borno Killings, Says Boko Haram|work=allAfrica.com|date=2 Februarie 2011|accessdate=31 Januarie 2012|last=Olugbode|first=Michael|quote=The sect in posters written in Hausa and pasted across the length and breadth of Maiduguri Wednesday morning signed by the Warriors of Jamaatu Ahlis Sunna Liddaawati Wal Jihad led by Imam Abu Muhammed Abubakar Bi Muhammed a .k .a Shehu claimed they embarked on the killings in Borno "in an effort to establish Sharia system of government in the country".}}</ref> President [[Goodluck Jonathan]] het in Mei 2014 gesê dat Boko Haram minstens 12&nbsp;000 mense doodgemaak en sowat 8&nbsp;000 vermink het.<ref name="17 Mei 2014">{{en}}cite web {{Webaanhaling|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/160942-boko-haram-killed-12000-nigerians-plans-take-country-jonathan-says.html |titeltitle=Boko Haram has killed over 12,000 Nigerians, plans to take over country, Jonathan says – Premium Times Nigeria |uitgewerpublisher=Premiumtimesng.com |date=17 Mei 2014 |toegangsdatumaccess-date=4 Junie 2014 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821192321/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/160942-boko-haram-killed-12000-nigerians-plans-take-country-jonathan-says.html |archive-date=21 Augustus 2019 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Terselfdertyd het die buurstate van Benin, Tsjad, Kameroen en Niger met Nigerië saamgespan in die stryd, nadat 276 skoolmeisies deur die groep ontvoer is en die aanvalle na al die aangrensende lande uitgebrei het.<ref name="AfricaUnited">{{en}} {{cite news|title=Boko Haram to be fought on all sides |url= http://www.nigeriannews.net/index.php/sid/222083321/scat/8db1f72cde37faf3/ht/Boko-Haram-to-be-fought-on-all-sides |accessdate=18 Mei 2014|publisher=Nigerian News.Net}}</ref>

Die naam Nigerië is afgelei van die [[Nigerrivier]] wat deur die land vloei. Die naam is blykbaar in die laat 19de eeu verewig deur die Britse joernalis, Flora Shaw, wat later met Baron Frederick Lugard, 'n Britse koloniale administrateur, getroud is. Die woord Niger kom vermoedelik van die [[Toearegs]]e woord ''egerew <u>n-iger</u>ewen, ''af wat voor die 19de eeu deur die inwoners langs die middel-dele van die Nigerrivier by [[Timboektoe]] gebly het.<ref>{{en}}cite web {{Webaanhaling|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Niger |titeltitle='&#39;Online Etymological Dictionary'&#39; |uitgewerpublisher=Etymonline.com |date= |toegangsdatumaccess-date=28 Julie 2014 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702152902/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Niger |archive-date=2 Julie 2017 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Die Nok-beskawing van Noord-Nigerië het tussen 500 v.C. en 200 n.C. gefloreer en lewensgrootte terracotta-beeldhouwerk gemaak wat, as die eerste kunswerke in die [[Afrika suid van die Sahara|Sub-Sahara-streek]], aangeteken is.<ref>{{en}} Nicole Rupp, Peter Breunig & Stefanie Kahlheber, "[http://www.antiquity.ac.uk/projgall/kahlheber/ Exploring the Nok Enigma]", ''Antiquity'' 82.316, Junie 2008.</ref><ref>{{en}} B. E. B. Fagg, "The Nok Culture in Prehistory", ''Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria'' 1.4, Desember 1959.</ref><ref name="archaeology">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Kleiner|first=Fred S.|author2=Christin J. Mamiya|title=Gardner's Art Through the Ages: Non-Western Perspectives|publisher=Cengage Learning|edition=13, revised|year=2009|page=194|url=https://books.google.com/?id=TlVeuxIgjwQC&dq=Nok+terracotta+earliest|isbn=0-495-57367-1}}</ref><ref>{{en}}cite web {{Webaanhaling|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/nok/hd_nok.htm |titeltitle=Nok Terracottas (500 B.C.–200 A.D.) &#124; Thematic Essay &#124; Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History &#124; The Metropolitan Museum of Art |uitgewerpublisher=Metmuseum.org |date=2 Junie 2014 |toegangsdatumaccess-date=16 Julie 2014 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024215836/http://www.metmuseum.org:80/toah/hd/nok/hd_nok.htm |archive-date=24 Oktober 2019 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Met die territoriale hoogtepunt in die laat 17de- en vroeë 18de eeu het die Oyo-koninkryk sy invloed van Wes-Nigerië na die hedendaagse [[Togo]] uitgebrei. Die Edo-koninkryk van Benin is in die suidweste van Nigerië gesetel. Benin se mag het vanaf die 15de eeu tot in die 19de eeu geduur. Die oorheersing het gestrek tot by die stad Eko ('n Edo-naam wat later deur die [[Portugese Ryk]] na [[Lagos]] verander is, en het selfs verder gestrek.<ref>{{en}}cite web {{Webaanhaling|laastelast=Metz |eerstefirst=Helen Chapin |titeltitle=Nigeria: A Country Study – The Slave Trade |uitgewerpublisher=Library of Congress Country Studies |year=1991 |url=http://countrystudies.us/nigeria/7.htm |toegangsdatumaccess-date=28 Mei 2011 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928151355/http://countrystudies.us/nigeria/7.htm |archive-date=28 September 2018 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

In Mei 1967 verklaar die oostelike streek hul onafhanklikheid onder aanvoering van lt.kol. Emeku Ojukwa en noem dit [[Biafra]].<ref>{{en}} {{cite news |last=Murray |first=Senan |title=Reopening Nigeria's civil war wounds |publisher=[[BBC]] News |date=30 Mei 2007 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6657259.stm |accessdateaccess-date=28 Mei 2011 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305112039/http://news.bbc.co.uk:80/1/hi/world/africa/6657259.stm |archive-date=5 Maart 2012 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Die Nigeriese burgeroorlog begin amptelik toe die Nigeriese regeringskant (hoofsaaklik gerugsteun deur soldate van die noorde en weste) Biafra op 6 Julie 1967 by Garkem aanval. Die oorlog duur vir dertig maande en Biafra word vir 'n lang tydperk onder beleg geplaas en afgesny van enige handel of voorrade. Die oorlog eindig in Januarie 1970.<ref name="DDRS">{{en}} ''"Background Paper on Nigeria and Biafra, Declassified Documents reference System''.</ref> Die geraamde dodetal in die voormalige oostelike streek tydens die burgeroorlog was tussen 1 tot 3 miljoen mense wat in gevegte, siektes en hongersnood dood is.<ref>{{en}}cite web {{Webaanhaling|laastelast=Metz |eerstefirst=Helen Chapin |titeltitle=Nigeria: A Country Study – Civil War |uitgewerpublisher=Library of Congress Country Studies |year=1991 |url=http://countrystudies.us/nigeria/23.htm |toegangsdatumaccess-date=28 Mei 2011 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820081647/http://countrystudies.us/nigeria/23.htm |archive-date=20 Augustus 2018 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Lande soos [[Frankryk]], [[Egipte]], die [[Sowjetunie]], die Verenigde Koninkryk, [[Israel]] en ander was almal baie diep, agter die skerms, by die oorlog betrokke. Brittanje en die Sowjetunie was die militêre steun vir die Nigeriese regering, terwyl Frankryk en ander lande die Biafrane gesteun het. Nigerië het Egiptiese vlieëniers in sy lugmag gebruik.<ref>{{en}}cite web {{Webaanhaling|url=http://www.litencyc.com/theliterarymagazine/biafra.php |titeltitle='&#39;The Biafra War and the Age of Pestilence'&#39; |uitgewerpublisher=Litencyc.com |datumdate= |toegangsdatumaccess-date=28 Julie 2014 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820081648/https://www.litencyc.com/theliterarymagazine/biafra.php |archive-date=20 Augustus 2018 |url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{en}} ''Shadows : Airlift and Airwar in Biafra and Nigeria 1967–1970'', by Michael I. Draper</ref>

Muhammadu Buhari verslaan in Maart 2015 vir Goodluck Jonathan by die stembus met 'n geraamde 2 miljoen meerderheidstem.<ref>{{en}} {{cite news |title=Nigeria election: Muhammadu Buhari wins |url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-32139858 |newspaper=[[BBC]] |accessdateaccess-date=31 Maart 2015 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220163015/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-32139858 |archive-date=20 Februarie 2020 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{en}}cite web {{Webaanhaling|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/04/obama-praises-nigerias-president-for-conceding-defeat/ |titeltitle=Obama praises Nigeria’s president for conceding defeat |uitgewerpublisher=Vanguard |date=1 April 2015 |toegangsdatumaccess-date=4 April 2015 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821192325/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/04/obama-praises-nigerias-president-for-conceding-defeat/ |archive-date=21 Augustus 2019 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{Webaanhaling|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/new/apc-praises-jonathan-for-conceding-defeat/|titel=APC praises Jonathan for conceding defeat|uitgewer=The Nation|toegangsdatum=4 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{en}}cite web {{Webaanhaling|url=http://www.channelstv.com/2015/03/31/anyaoku-praises-jonathan-for-conceding-defeat/ |titeltitle=Anyaoku Praises Jonathan For Conceding Defeat |uitgewerpublisher=Channels Television |date=31 Maart 2015 |toegangsdatumaccess-date=4 April 2015 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821192329/https://www.channelstv.com/2015/03/31/anyaoku-praises-jonathan-for-conceding-defeat/ |archive-date=21 Augustus 2019 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Nigerië huisves 'n redelik omvattende netwerk van georganiseerde misdaad, wat veral in die [[Dwelmmiddel|dwelmhandel]] aktief is. Nigeriese misdaadgroepe is diep betrokke by dwelmhandel, verskeep [[heroïen]] van [[Asië]] na [[Europa]] en die [[Amerikas]]; en [[kokaïen]] van [[Suid-Amerika]] af na Europa en Suid-Afrika.<ref>{{en}}cite web {{Webaanhaling|titeltitle=Organized Crime: African Criminal Enterprises |uitgewerpublisher=[[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] |url=http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/investigate/organizedcrime/african |toegangsdatumaccess-date=7 Junie 2011 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630154927/https://www.fbi.gov/about-us/investigate/organizedcrime/african/ |archive-date=30 Junie 2016 |url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite news |last=Olukoya |first=Sam |title=Crime war rages in Nigeria |publisher=[[BBC]] News |date=20 Februarie 2003 |url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1443902.stm |accessdateaccess-date=7 Junie 2011 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102000112/http://news.bbc.co.uk:80/2/hi/africa/1443902.stm |archive-date=2 November 2019 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>