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==Mitsubishi==
 
=== 1991– Volvo Cars ===
Mitsubishi participated in a joint venture with rival car-maker [[Volvo Cars|Volvo]] and the Dutch government at the former [[DAF Trucks#Car business|DAF]] plant in [[Sittard-Geleen#Born|Born]] in 1991. The operation, branded [[NedCar]], began producing the first generation [[Mitsubishi Carisma]] alongside the [[Volvo S40|Volvo S40/V40]] in 1996. The factory later produced the latest [[Mitsubishi Colt]] and the related [[Smart Forfour]] (partner [[DaimlerChrysler]] cancelled its production in 2006). Production of European market-bound [[Mitsubishi Outlander]]s, and [[badge engineering|badge engineered]] versions of this vehicle, were also manufactured in the Netherlands until 2012, when the company sold the plant to the Dutch coach manufacturer [[VDL Groep]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Notice regarding conclusion of a principal agreement on share transfer of the European subsidiary production site|url=http://www.mitsubishi-motors.com/content/dam/com/ir_en/pdf/irtop/2012/20120711-01.pdf|publisher=Mitsubishi Motors|accessdate=20 January 2014|date=11 July 2012}}</ref><ref name="awr">[http://www.automotiveworld.com/VMSI/about.asp?profileid=4 Mitsubishi Motors Corporation Vehicle Manufacturer Strategic Insight], Automotive World (subscription required)</ref><ref name="nedcar_history">{{cite web |url=http://www.nedcar.nl/content/view/19/34/lang,en/ |title=Once upon a time..." History, Nedcar.nl website |publisher=Nedcar.nl |date=1 May 2006 |accessdate=16 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070729195627/http://www.nedcar.nl/content/view/19/34/lang,en/ |archivedate=29 July 2007 }}</ref>
 
=== 1999– Volvo Trucks ===
Upon selling its Volvo Cars division to [[Ford]] in January 1999, Volvo Group purchased a 5% stake in Mitsubishi Motors in November of that same year, but sold its stake to shareholder [[DaimlerChrysler]] in March 2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aftonbladet.se/minekonomi/article10205767.ab |title=Volvo säljer sitt innehav i Mitsubishi |language=Swedish |work=Aftonbladet |date=11 April 2001 |accessdate=27 June 2017}}</ref>
 
=== Groupe PSA ===
Mitsubishi has been allied with [[Groupe PSA]] since 1999, after they agreed to co-operate on the development of [[diesel engine]]s using the Japanese company's [[gasoline direct injection]] (GDI) technology.<ref name="psa1999">[http://media.mitsubishi-motors.com/pressrelease/e/corporate/detail794.html "Mitsubishi Motors and PSA Peugeot Citroen Reach Agreement on GDI Engine Technical Cooperation"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090112152353/http://media.mitsubishi-motors.com/pressrelease/e/corporate/detail794.html |date=12 January 2009}}, Mitsubishi Motors press release, 12 January 1999</ref> They united again in 2005 to develop the [[Peugeot 4007]] and [[Citroën C-Crosser]] [[sport utility vehicle]]s (SUVs), based on the Japanese company's [[Mitsubishi Outlander]].<ref name="psa2005">[http://media.mitsubishi-motors.com/pressrelease/e/corporate/detail1302.html "Mitsubishi Motors and PSA Peugeot Citroën Sign Cooperation Agreement on All-New SUVs"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720043649/http://media.mitsubishi-motors.com/pressrelease/e/corporate/detail1302.html |date=2008-07-20 }}, Mitsubishi Motors press release, 11 July 2005</ref>
 
Two further ties were established between the companies in 2008, first with the establishment of a jointly owned production facility in [[Kaluga]] which will manufacture up to 160,000 Outlander-based SUVs for the fast-growing Russian market.<ref name="kaluga">[http://media.mitsubishi-motors.com/pressrelease/e/corporate/detail1772.html "Russia: to accelerate their growth, PSA Peugeot Citroën and Mitsubishi Motors Corporation set up a joint venture"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080702044928/http://media.mitsubishi-motors.com/pressrelease/e/corporate/detail1772.html |date=2008-07-02 }}, Mitsubishi Motors press release, 19 May 2008</ref> They are also collaborating in the research and development of electric powertrains for small urban vehicles.<ref name="psa-bev">[http://media.mitsubishi-motors.com/pressrelease/e/corporate/detail1789.html "Cooperative project for electric powertrains between PSA Peugeot Citroën and Mitsubishi Motors Corporation"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080702224333/http://media.mitsubishi-motors.com/pressrelease/e/corporate/detail1789.html |date=2008-07-02 }}, Mitsubishi Motors press release, 17 June 2008</ref> Japanese newspaper ''[[Nihon Keizai Shimbun|Nikkei]]'' claims that PSA will sell the electric city car Mitsubishi i [[MIEV]] in Europe by 2011.<ref>[http://www.motorauthority.com/mitsubishi-and-psa-peugeot-citroen-to-form-electric-car-alliance.html Report: Mitsubishi to supply PSA Peugeot Citroen with electric vehicles] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090117122523/http://www.motorauthority.com/mitsubishi-and-psa-peugeot-citroen-to-form-electric-car-alliance.html |date=2009-01-17 }} - Motor Authority</ref>
 
=== Colt and Lonsdale ===
The Colt name appears frequently in Mitsubishi's history since its introduction as a rear-engined 600cc [[Sedan (automobile)|sedan]] in the early 1960s. Today, it most commonly refers to the [[Mitsubishi Colt]] subcompact in the company's line-up, but is also the name of MMC's import/distribution company in the United Kingdom, the [[Colt Car Company]], established in 1974. For the first decade of its existence, before Far Eastern auto manufacturers had established their reputations, its cars carried the "Colt" badge in Britain instead of "Mitsubishi".
 
In 1982 and 1983, Mitsubishi introduced the Australian-built [[Chrysler Sigma|Mitsubishi Sigma]] to the UK as the [[Lonsdale (car)|Lonsdale Sigma]] in an attempt to circumvent British import quotas, but the new brand was unsuccessful. It then carried [[Mitsubishi Sigma]] badges in 1983–84 before abandoning this operation entirely.
 
=== Proton ===
Malaysian manufacturer [[PROTON Holdings|Proton]] was initially very dependent on Mitsubishi Motors, only assembling their 1985 [[Proton Saga]] using MMC components at a newly established facility in [[Shah Alam]]. Subsequent models like the [[Proton Wira|Wira]] and [[Proton Perdana (first generation)|Perdana]] were based on the [[Mitsubishi Lancer|Lancer]]/[[Mitsubishi Colt|Colt]] and [[Mitsubishi Galant|Galant/Eterna]] respectively, before the company finally produced entirely self-developed vehicles, the [[Proton Waja|Waja]] in 2000, and the [[Proton Gen-2]] in 2004. At its peak, the car maker controlled 75 percent of its domestic market, even after Mitsubishi ended their 22-year partnership in 2005, selling their 7.9 percent stake for [[Malaysian ringgit|RM]]384&nbsp;million<ref>[http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/01/12/bloomberg/sxmitsu.php "Mitsubishi sells entire stake in Proton"], Yoshifumi Takemoto & Chan Tien Hin, Bloomberg News, 13 January 2005</ref> to [[Khazanah Nasional|Khazanah Nasional Berhad]]. However, in October 2008, Proton renewed its technology transfer agreements with MMC, and the [[Proton Inspira]] (the Proton Waja replacement) is to be based on the Mitsubishi Lancer platform and official launched on 10 November 2010.{{Update after|2014|1|29}}
 
=== Hyundai ===
South Korean manufacturer [[Hyundai Motor Company|Hyundai]], built the [[Hyundai Pony]] in 1975 using MMC's [[Mitsubishi Saturn engine|Saturn engine]] and transmissions. Korea's first car, it remained in production for thirteen years. Mitsubishi held up to a 10 percent stake in the company, until disposing of the last of its remaining shares in March 2003.
 
The 1985 [[Hyundai Excel]] was sold in the United States as the Mitsubishi Precis between 1987 and 1994, whereas several other Mitsubishi models were [[badge engineering|rebadged]] as Hyundai, namely the [[Mitsubishi Chariot]] (as the [[Mitsubishi Chariot|Hyundai Santamo]]), the [[Mitsubishi Pajero]] (as the [[Hyundai Galloper]]) or the [[Mitsubishi Delica]] (as the [[Hyundai Porter]]) and [[Mitsubishi Proudia]] (as the [[Hyundai Equus]]).
 
=== Hindustan ===
Indian manufacturer [[Hindustan Motors|Hindustan]] had a joint venture with Mitsubishi that started 1998. The plant is located in [[Tiruvallur]], [[Tamil Nadu]].
 
Models produced include: [[Mitsubishi Challenger|Mitsubishi Pajero Sport]] (third generation) until 2016.
 
=== Samcor ===
The South African Motor Corporation ([[Samcor]]) was a joint venture created in 1985, which produced [[Ford]], [[Mazda]] and [[Mitsubishi]] vehicles for the local South African market, with the [[Mitsubishi Delica]] being rebadged as the Ford Husky and the [[Mitsubishi Fuso Canter|Mitsubishi Canter]] as the Ford Triton.<ref>{{cite book|title=Motor business international|issue=4|year=1995|publisher=Economist Intelligence Unit|page=43}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=International Motor Business|issue=137–140|year=1989|publisher=Economist Intelligence Unit|page=59}}</ref>
 
=== Chinese joint ventures ===
As of 2006 Mitsubishi has four [[joint venture]]s with Chinese partners.<ref name=jv/>
* [[Soueast|South East (Fujian) Motor Co Ltd]]<ref name=jv>[http://www.mitsubishi-motors.com/corporate/ir/share/pdf/e/fact_2009_10.pdf Activities by Region, Asia, 2009] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309172402/http://www.mitsubishi-motors.com/corporate/ir/share/pdf/e/fact_2009_10.pdf |date=2012-03-09 }} Mitsubishi Official Site</ref>
* Shenyang Aerospace Mitsubishi Motors Engine Manufacturing Co Ltd<ref name=jv/>
* Harbin Dongan Automotive Engine Manufacturing Co Ltd<ref name=jv/> – A subsidiary of [[Hafei|Harbin Hafei Automobile Industry Group Co Ltd]]
* Hunan Changfeng Motor Co Ltd<ref name=jv/> – A subsidiary of [[Changfeng Motor|Chang Feng (Group) Co Ltd]]
 
=== Japan sales channels ===
[[File:AkitaMitsubishiMotors.jpg|thumb|Mitsubishi dealer in [[Akita City|Akita]]]]
Mitsubishi Motors maintained two retail sales channels that sold specific models, called "Car Plaza" and "Galant Shop". Certain models were exclusive to either channel, while some models were available at both channels, as required by local Japanese market conditions. More recently, due to cancellation of larger sedans, the sales channels have been combined into one franchise that sell all models, including [[kei car]]s and commercial delivery vehicles.
 
=== 2010– Nissan ===
In December 2010, Mitsubishi and Nissan agreed to form a joint venture (later named "[[NMKV|NMKV Co., Ltd]].") to develop [[kei cars]] for the Japanese market.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.torquenews.com/1065/nissan-and-mitsubishi-officially-name-their-minicar-joint-venture |first=Gordon |last=Block |title=Nissan and Mitsubishi officially name their minicar joint venture |work=Torque News |date=20 June 2011 |accessdate=26 January 2019}}</ref>
 
=== 2016 Take-over by Nissan ===
In 2016, Nissan uncovered evidence that Mitsubishi's fuel economy testing numbers were erroneous and had been erroneous since the start of the venture, affecting 625,000 cars produced by NMKV.<ref name="fuel">{{cite news |url=https://www.engadget.com/2016/04/20/mitsubishi-nissan-kei-fuel-economy-cheat/ |first=Aaron |last=Souppouris |title=Nissan outs Mitsubishi for cheating fuel economy tests |work=Endgadget |date=20 April 2016 |accessdate=26 January 2019}}</ref> The result of the [[Mitsubishi Motors#Fuel economy scandal|"fuel economy scandal"]] was that Nissan acquired a controlling interest in Mitsubishi, as detailed under [[Mitsubishi Motors#Membership in Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi Alliance|"Membership in Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi Alliance"]].
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