Lys van die naaste sterrestelsels
Wikimedia lysartikel
Hieronder is ’n lys van die naaste sterrestelsels, binne 11,7 miljoen ligjare van die Sonnestelsel af, van naby tot ver. Dit sluit al sowat 50 stelsels van die Plaaslike Groep in, sowel as sommige van nabygeleë sterrestelselgroepe, die M81- en die M83-groep asook party wat nie van ’n vasgestelde groep is nie.
Die volgende moet in ag geneem word:
- Nie alle sterrestelsels binne 11,7 miljoen ligjare is al ontdek nie. Nabygeleë dwergsterrestelsels word steeds ontdek en stelsels agter die Melkweg is baie moeilik om te eien. Enige stelsel kan ’n ander stelsel agter hom verberg.
Die afstande tussen sterrestelsels is onderworpe aan groot onsekerheid. Afstande wat aangegee word, is samestellings van verskeie metings.[1]
Lys
wysig# | Stelsel | Tipe | Afstand | Magnitude | Lid van groep |
Notas | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Miljoen ligjaar | Miljoen parsek | M | m | ||||||
1 | Melkweg | SBbc | n.v.t. | n.v.t. | −20,8 [1] | n.v.t. | Plaaslike Groep | Sterrestelsel waarin die Aarde is | |
2 | Canis Major-dwerg | Irr (status as sterrestelsel betwis) | 0,025[2] | 0,008 | −14,5 | 23,3 | Plaaslike Groep | Satelliet van die Melkweg | |
3 | Sagittarius- Elliptiese Dwerg SagDEG | dSph/E7 | 0,081 | 0,024[3] | −12,67[3] | 4,5[4] | Plaaslike Groep | Satelliet van die Melkweg | |
4 | Ursa Major II-dwerg | dSph | 0,098 | 0,030 | −4,2 | 14,3 | Plaaslike Groep | Satelliet van die Melkweg | |
5 | Groot Magellaanse Wolk | Irr/SB(s)m | 0,163 | 0,050[3] | −17,93[3] | 0,9[4] | Plaaslike Groep | Satelliet van die Melkweg | |
6 | Boötes I | d Sph | 0,197[4] | 0,060 | −5,8[5] | 13,1 | Plaaslike Groep | Satelliet van die Melkweg | |
7 | Klein Magellaanse Wolk (SMC, NGC 292) | SB(s)m pec | 0,206 | 0,063[3] | −16,35[3] | 2,7[4] | Plaaslike Groep | Satelliet van die Melkweg | |
8 | Ursa Minor-dwerg | dE4 | 0,206 | 0,063[3] | −7,13[3] | 11,9[4] | Plaaslike Groep | Satelliet van die Melkweg | |
9 | Draco-dwerg (DDO 208) | dE0 pec | 0,258 | 0,079[3] | −8,74[3] | 10,9[4] | Plaaslike Groep | Satelliet van die Melkweg met ’n groot hoeveelheid donker materie | |
10 | NGC 2419 | Glob Clus | 0,275 | 0,084 | −9,5/−11 ? | 9,06 | Helderste verre Melkweg-bolswerm | ||
11 | Sextans-dwerg | dSph | 0,281 | 0,086[3] | −7,98[3] | 12[4] | Plaaslike Groep | Satelliet van die Melkweg | |
12 | Sculptor-dwerg (E351-G30) | dE3 | 0,287 | 0,088[3] | −9,77[3] | 10,1[4] | Plaaslike Groep | Satelliet van die Melkweg | |
13 | Ursa Major I-dwerg (UMa I dSph) | dSph | 0,330 | 0,10[6] | −6,75[6] | Plaaslike Groep | Satelliet van die Melkweg | ||
14 | Carina-dwerg (E206-G220) | dE3 | 0,330 | 0,10[3] | −8,97[6] | 11,3[4] | Plaaslike Groep | Satelliet van die Melkweg | |
15 | Fornax-dwerg (E356-G04) | dSPh/E2 | 0,46 | 0,14[1] | −11,5[3] | 9,28[1] | Plaaslike Groep | Satelliet van die Melkweg | |
16 | Leo II-dwerg (Leo B, DDO 93) | dE0 pec | 0,701[7] | 0,215 | −9,23[3] | 12,45[1] | Plaaslike Groep | Satelliet van die Melkweg | |
17 | Leo I-dwerg (DDO 74, UGC 5470) | dE3 | 0,820[7] | 0,25 | −10,97[3] | 11,18[1] | Plaaslike Groep | Satelliet van die Melkweg | |
18 | Leo T-dwerg | G[4] | 1,370 | 0,42[8] | 16[4] | Plaaslike Groep | Satelliet van die Melkweg? | ||
19 | Phoenix-dwerg (P 6830) | IAm | 1,44 | 0,44 | −10,22[3] | 13,07[1] | Plaaslike Groep | Satelliet van die Melkweg | |
20 | NGC 6822 | IB(s)m IV-V | 1,630[7] | 0,50 | −15,22[3] | 9,32[1] | Plaaslike Groep | Satelliet van die Melkweg | |
21 | MGC1[9] | Bolswerm | 2 | 0,615 | −9,2 | Geïsoleerde swerm ~200 kiloparsek vanaf Andromeda | |||
22 | NGC 185 | dE3 pec | 2,010[10] | 0,62 | −14,76[3] | 9,99[1] | Plaaslike Groep | Satelliet van Andromeda | |
23 | Andromeda II | dE0 | 2,130 [10] | 0,65 | −9,33[3] | 15,10[1] | Plaaslike Groep | Satelliet van Andromeda | |
24 | IC 10 (UGC 192) | dIrr IV/BCD[4] | 2,2 | 0,67 | −15,57[3] | 12,2[1] | Plaaslike Groep | Satelliet van Andromeda | |
25 | NGC 147 (DDO 3) | dE5 pec | 2,200[10] | 0,68 | −14,9[3] | 10,36[1] | Plaaslike Groep | Satelliet van Andromeda | |
26 | Leo A (Leo III, DDO 69) | IBm V | 2,250[7] | 0,80[11] | −11,68[11] | 12,92 | Plaaslike Groep | Satelliet van die Melkweg | |
27 | IC 1613 (UGC 668) | IAB(s)m V | 2,350[7] | 0,72 | −14,51[3] | 9,92[1] | Plaaslike Groep | Satelliet van Andromeda | |
28 | Andromeda I | dE3 pec | 2,430[10] | 0,75 | −10,87[3] | 13,9[1] | Plaaslike Groep | Satelliet van Andromeda | |
29 | Andromeda III | dE2 | 2,440[10] | 0,75 | −9,30[3] | 15,20[1] | Plaaslike Groep | Satelliet van Andromeda | |
30 | Cetus-dwerg | dSph/E4 | 2,460[10] | 0,75 | −10,18[3] | 14,4[1] | Plaaslike Groep | Satelliet van Andromeda[3] | |
31 | M32 (NGC 221) | E2 | 2,480;[7] | 0,76 | −15,96[3] | 8,73[1] | Plaaslike Groep | Nabye satelliet van Andromeda | |
32 | Cassiopeia-dwerg (Cas dSph, Andromeda VII) | dSph | 2,490[10] | 0,76 | −11,67[3] | 13,65[1] | Plaaslike Groep | Satelliet van Andromeda[3] | |
33 | Andromeda IX | dE | 2,500[10] | 0,77 | −7,5[3] | Plaaslike Groep | Satelliet van Andromeda[3] | ||
34 | LGS 3 | dIrr/dSph | 2,510[10] | 0,77 | −7,96[3] | 16,18[1] | Plaaslike Groep | Satelliet van die Driehoek-sterrestelsel | |
35 | Andromeda V | dSph | 2,52[10] | 0,77 | −8,41[3] | 16,67[1] | Plaaslike Groep | Satelliet van Andromeda[3] | |
36 | Pegasus-dwerg | dSph | 2,55[10] | 0,78 | −10,80[3] | 14,05[1] | Plaaslike Groep | Satelliet van Andromeda[3] | |
37 | Andromeda VIII | dSph[12] | 2,7 | 0,828 | −15,6 | 9,1 | Plaaslike Groep | Getyversteurde dwerg naby Andromeda, ontdek in 2003[12] | |
— | Andromeda-sterrestelsel (M31) | SA(s)b | 2,56[10] | 0,79 | −21,58[3] | 4,17[1] | Plaaslike Groep | Grootste stelsel in die groep, met minstens 19 satellietstelsels | |
38 | Driehoek-sterrestelsel (Triangulum; M33) | SAc | 2,64 [10] | 0,81 | −18,87[3] | 6,19[1] | Plaaslike Groep | Verste, moeilike blote-oog-voorwerp | |
39 | Messier 110 (NGC 205) | E6p | 2,69 [10] | 0,83 | −16,15[3] | 8,72[1] | Plaaslike Groep | Satelliet van Andromeda | |
40 | Andromeda XXI[13] | 2,8 | 0,86 | −9,9 | Plaaslike Groep | Satelliet van Andromeda | |||
41 | Andromeda XXII[13] | <dSph | 3,22 | 0,987 | 6,5 | Plaaslike Groep | Satelliet van Andromeda | ||
42 | Tucana-dwerg | dE5 | 2,87 | 0,88[3] | −9,16 | 15,7[1] | Plaaslike Groep[3] | Geïsoleerde groeplid[14] | |
43 | Andromeda X | dSph[4] | 2,90 | 0,889 | −8,1[15] | 16,1[4] | Plaaslike Groep | Satelliet van Andromeda, ontdek in 2006 | |
44 | Pegasus- Onreëlmatige Dwerg (DDO 216) | dIrr/DSph[4] | 3[10] | 0,92 | −11,47[3] | 13,21[4] | Plaaslike Groep | Satelliet van Andromeda | |
45 | Andromeda XIX[16] | 3,04 | 0,933 | −9,3 | Plaaslike Groep | Satelliet van Andromeda | |||
46 | Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte (WLM, DDO 221) | Ib(s)m[4] | 3,16 | 0,97[11] | −14,06[11] | 11,03[4] | Plaaslike Groep | Geïsoleerde lid aan die rand van die groep | |
47 | Sagittarius- Onreëlmatige Dwerg (SagDIG) | IB(s)m V[4] | 3,39 | 1,04[3] | −11,49 | 15,5 | Plaaslike Groep[1] | Geïsoleerde lid | |
48 | Aquarius-dwerg (DDO 210) | Im V | 3,49 [10] | 1,07 / 0.94[11] | −11,09[11] | 14[4] | Plaaslike Groep | Geïsoleerde lid | |
49 | UGC 4879 (VV124)[17] | 3,59 | 1,1 | −11,5[11] | Plaaslike Groep | ||||
50 | Antlia-dwerg | dE3.5[4] | 4,08 | 1,25[11] | −9,63[11] | 16,19[1] | Plaaslike Groep | Was dalk in wisselwerking met NGC 3109[18] | |
51 | Sextans A (UGCA 205, DDO 75) | IBm[4] | 4,31[19] | 1,32 | −13,95[3] | 11,86[4] | Plaaslike Groep[1] | Geïsoleerde lid | |
52 | NGC 3109 | SB(s)m | 4,24 | 1,30[18] | −15,68[1] | 10,39[1] | Plaaslike Groep | ||
53 | Andromeda XVIII[16] | 4,42 | 1,355 | −9,7 | Plaaslike Groep | ||||
54 | Sextans B (UGC 5373) | IM IV-V[4] | 4,44 | 1,44[11] | −14,08[11] | 11,85[4] | Plaaslike Groep[1] | ||
55 | KKh 060 | Ir | 4,89 | 1,5[1] | 18B[4] | ||||
56 | KUG 1210+301B (KK98 127) | S | 4,89 | 1,5[1] | 15,7[4] | Tussen PG en M94 | Paar? | ||
57 | HIZSS 003 | 5,5 | 1,69[11] | −12,60[11] | 18B[4] | Verberg agter Melkweg | |||
58 | KKR 25 | Ir | 6,07 | 1,86[1] | −9,94[11] | 17[4] | |||
59 | ESO 410-G005 | E3[4] | 6,33 | 1,94[11] | −11,60[11] | 14,85[4] | NGC 55 & 300 | ||
60 | ESO 294-010 | dS0/Im[4] | 6,26[20] | 1,96[11] | −10,95[11] | 15,6[4] | NGC 55 & 300 | ||
61 | IC 5152 | IA(s)m[4] | 6,42 | 1,97[11] | −15,56[11] | 11,06[4] | NGC 55 & 300 ? | Aan die rand van NGC 55 | |
62 | GR 8 (DDO 155) | ImV[4] | 6,95 | 2,13[11] | −12,14[11] | 14,65[4] | Aan die rand van M94 | ||
63 | KKR 03 (KK98 230) | dwarf Irr | 6,98 | 2,14[11] | −9,8 | 17,9[4] | Aan die rand van M94 | ||
64 | NGC 300 | SA(s)d[4] | 7,01 | 2,15[20] | −17,92[1] | 8,95[4] | Aan die rand van die Sculptor-groep | Vorm ’n paar met NGC 55 | |
65 | NGC 55 | SB(s)m: sp[4] | 7,08 | 2,17[11] | −18,47[11] | 8,84[1] | Aan die rand van Sculptor-groep | Vorm ’n paar met NGC 300 | |
66 | UGCA 438 (ESO 407-018) | IB(s)m pec:[4] | 7,24 | 2,22[11] | −12,92[11] | 13,86[1] | NGC 55 & 300 | ||
67 | UGC 09128 (DDO 187) | ImIV-V | 7,3 | 2,24[11] | −12,47[11] | 14,38[4] | Aan die rand van die M94-groep | ||
68 | IC 3104 | IB(s)m | 7,40 | 2,27[1] | −14,85[11] | 13,63[4] | On the way to Circinus galaxy | ||
69 | IC 4662 (ESO 102- G 014) | IBm | 7,96 | 2,44[11] | −15,56[11] | 11,74[4] | Op pad na die Circinus-sterrestelsel | ||
70 | KKh 98 | Irr | 7,99 | 2,45[1] | −10,78[1] | 16,7[4] | IC 342/Maffei-groep | ||
71 | UGC 8508 (I Zw 060) | IAm | 8,35 [21] | 2,69[11] | −13,09[11] | 14,40[4] | M94-groep | ||
72 | KKh 086 | Ir | 8,51 | 2,60[11] | −10,30[11] | 16,8[4] | Geïsoleer (M94/Cent A) | ||
73 | DDO 99 (UGC 06817) | Im | 8,61 | 2,64[1]–3.9[4] | −13,52[11] | 13,4[4] | M94-groep | ||
74 | UGC 07577 (DDO 125) | Im | 8,94 | 2,74[11] | −14,32[11] | 12,84[4] | M94-groep | ||
75 | UGC 9240 (DDO 190) | IAm | 9,10 | 2,80[11] | −14,19[11] | 13,25[4] | M94-groep | ||
76 | Dwingeloo 1 | SB(s)cd | 9,13 | 2,8[1] | −18,78 | 19,8[4] | IC 342/Maffei-groep | ||
77 | Maffei 2 | SAB(rs)bc | 9,13 | 2,8[1] | −20,15[3] | 14,77[4] | IC 342/Maffei-groep | ||
78 | UGCA 276 (DDO 113) | Im | 9,32 | 2,86[1] | 15,40[4] | M94-groep | |||
79 | NGC 4214 (UGC 07278) | IAB(s)m | 9,58 | 2,94[1] | 10,24[4] | M94-groep | Uitbarsting-sterrestelsel | ||
80 | UGCA 86 | SAB(s)m[22] | 9,65 | 2,96[23] | 13,5[4] | IC 342/Maffei-groep[22] | |||
81 | NGC 4163 | 9,65 | 2,96[23] | 14,5[4] | M94-groep | ||||
82 | Dwingeloo 2 | Im? | 9,78 | 3.0[1] | −14,55[1] | 20,5[4] | IC 342/Maffei-groep | ||
83 | KKH 11 (ZOAG G135.74-04.53) | dE/N | 9,78 | 3[1] | −13,35[3] | 16,2[4] | IC 342/Maffei-groep | ||
84 | KKH 12 | Ir | 9,78 | 3.0[1] | −13,03 | 17,8[4] | IC 342/Maffei-groep | ||
85 | MB 3 | dSph | 9,78 | 3,0[1] | −13,65[3] | 19,8[4] | IC 342/Maffei-groep | ||
86 | MB 1 (KK98 21) | SAB(s)d? | 9,78 | 3[1] | −14,81[3] | 20,5[4] | IC 342/Maffei-groep | ||
87 | Maffei 1 | S0- pec | 9,78 | 3[1] | −18,97[3] | 11,4[4] | IC 342/Maffei-groep | ||
88 | UGCA 92 | Im?[4] | 9,82 | 3,01[23] | 13[4] | IC 342/Maffei-groep[22] | |||
89 | UGC 8651 (DDO 181) | Im | 9,82 | 3,01[1] | 14,7[4] | M94-groep | |||
90 | ESO 274-01[24] | 10,1 | 3,09 | 11,7 | Centaurus A-groep | ||||
91 | UGCA 292 (DDO 125) | ImIV-V | 10,11 | 3,1[1] | 16[4] | M94-groep | |||
92 | NGC 3741 | ImIII/BCD | 10,21 [21] | 3,13 | 14,3[4] | M94-groep | |||
93 | KK98 35 | Irr | 10,31 | 3,16[1] | −14,30 | 17,2[4] | IC 342/Maffei-groep | ||
94 | HIPASS J1247-77 | Im | 10,31 | 3,16[25] | 17.B[4] | ||||
95 | NGC 2366 | IB(s)m | 10,40 [21] | 3,19 | 11,43[4] | M81-groep | |||
96 | UGCA 133 (DDO 44) | Im | 10,40 [21] | 3,19 | 15,54[4] | M81-groep | |||
97 | ESO 321-014[24] | 10,40 [24] | 3,19 | 15,16 | Centaurus A-groep | ||||
98 | UGC 8833 | Im | 10,41 | 3,19[1] | 16,5[4] | M94-groep | |||
99 | UGC 4483 | BlueCG | 10,47 [21] | 3,21 | 15,2[4] | M81-groep | |||
100 | NGC 404 | SA(s)0-:[4] | 10,56 | 3,24[11] | −16,61[11] | 11,21[4] | "Mirach se Spook" | ||
101 | UGCA 105 | Im? | 10,63 [21] | 3,26 | −16,81 | 13,9[4] | IC 342/Maffei-groep | ||
102 | IC 342 | SAB(rs)cd[4] | 10,7 | 3,28[1] | −20,69[1] | 9,37[1] | IC 342/Maffei-groep | "Die weggesteekte sterrestelsel" | |
103 | Cas 1 (KK98 19) | dwarf Irr | 10,76 | 3,3[1] | −16,7 | 16,38[4] | IC 342/Maffei-groep | ||
104 | NGC 2403 | SAB(s)cd HII | 10,76 | 3,3[3] | −19,29 | 8,93[4] | M81-groep | ||
105 | Camelopardalis B | Irr | 10,80 [21] | 3,31 | −11,85 | 16,1[4] | IC 342/Maffei-groep | ||
106 | UGCA 015 (DDO 6) | IB(s)m | 10,9 | 3,34[3] | −12,5[3] | 15.19[4] | Sculptor-groep | ||
107 | NGC 1569 (UGC 03056) | IBm;Sbrst[4] | 10,96 | 3,36[26] | −18,17[1] | 11,86[4] | IC 342/Maffei=groep[22] | ||
108 | KKH 37 (Mai 16) | S/Irr | 11,06 | 3,39[25] | 16,4[4] | IC 342/Maffei-groep | |||
109 | Holmberg II (DDO 50, UGC 4305) | Im | 11,06 [21] | 3,39 | 11,1[4] | M81-groep | |||
110 | NGC 5102 | SA0- HII | 11,09 | 3,40[1] | −18,08.56 | 10,35[4] | Centaurus A-groep | ||
111 | NGC 5237 | 11,09 | 3,4[24] | Centaurus A-groep | |||||
112 | ESO325-11 | 11,09 | 3,4[24] | Centaurus A-groep | |||||
113 | ESO 540-030 (KDG 2) | IABm | 11,1 | 3,4[3] | −11,39 | 16,45[4] | Sculptor-groep | ||
114 | FM2000 1 | dSph? | 11,15 [21] | 3,42 | 17,5[4] | M81-groep | |||
115 | ESO 540-032 | IAB(s)m pec: | 11,15 | 3,42[3] | −11,32[3] | 16,55[4] | Sculptor-groep | ||
116 | NGC 1560 | SA(s)d HII | 11,25 | 3,45[1] | −16,87[3] | 12,16[4] | IC 342/Maffei-groep | ||
117 | ESO 383-087 (ISG 39) | SB(s)dm | 11,3 | 3,45[24] | −15,16[1] | 11,03[4] | Centaurus A-groep | ||
118 | NGC 5206 | 11,3 | 3,47;[24] | Centaurus A-groep | |||||
119 | KK 179 (ESO 269-37) | 11,4 | 3,48[24] | Centaurus A-groep | |||||
120 | KK98 77 | dwarf Sph | 11,35 [21] | 3,48 | 16,2[4] | M81-groep | |||
121 | DDO 71 | Im | 11,42 [21] | 3,50 | 18[4] | M81-groep | |||
122 | M82 | I0;Sbrst HII | 11,51 | 3,53[3] | −19,63[3] | 9,3 [4] | M81-groep | ||
123 | ESO 269-66 (KK98 190) | dE,N | 11,55 | 3,54[1] | −13,56 | 14,11[4] | Centaurus A-groep | ||
124 | M81 Dwerg A (KDG 52) | I? | 11,58 [21] | 3,55 | −11,49[3] | 16,5[4] | M81-groep | ||
125 | NGC 2976 | SAc pec HII | 11,61 [21] | 3,56 | −17,1[3] | 10,82[4] | M81-groep | ||
126 | UGC 4459 (DDO 53) | Im | 11,61 [21] | 3,56 | −13,37[3] | 14,48 [4] | M81-groep | ||
127 | NGC 4945 | SB(s)cd:sp[4] | 11,7 [27] | 3,59 | −20,51[1] | 9,3[4] | Centaurus A-groep | ||
# | Stelsel | Tipe | Afstand | Magnitude | Lid van groep |
Notas | |||
Miljoen ligjaar | Miljoen parsek | M | m |
Verwysings
wysig- ↑ 1,00 1,01 1,02 1,03 1,04 1,05 1,06 1,07 1,08 1,09 1,10 1,11 1,12 1,13 1,14 1,15 1,16 1,17 1,18 1,19 1,20 1,21 1,22 1,23 1,24 1,25 1,26 1,27 1,28 1,29 1,30 1,31 1,32 1,33 1,34 1,35 1,36 1,37 1,38 1,39 1,40 1,41 1,42 1,43 1,44 1,45 1,46 1,47 1,48 1,49 1,50 1,51 1,52 1,53 1,54 1,55 1,56 1,57 1,58 1,59 1,60 1,61 1,62 1,63 1,64 1,65 I.D. Karachentsev et al. (2004) A Catalog of Neighboring Galaxies
- ↑ From official press release announcing discovery (University of Strasbourg) Geargiveer 27 Mei 2008 op Wayback Machine accessdate = Junie 2008
- ↑ 3,00 3,01 3,02 3,03 3,04 3,05 3,06 3,07 3,08 3,09 3,10 3,11 3,12 3,13 3,14 3,15 3,16 3,17 3,18 3,19 3,20 3,21 3,22 3,23 3,24 3,25 3,26 3,27 3,28 3,29 3,30 3,31 3,32 3,33 3,34 3,35 3,36 3,37 3,38 3,39 3,40 3,41 3,42 3,43 3,44 3,45 3,46 3,47 3,48 3,49 3,50 3,51 3,52 3,53 3,54 3,55 3,56 3,57 3,58 3,59 3,60 3,61 3,62 3,63 I. D. Karachentsev (2005). "The Local Group and Other Neighboring Galaxy Groups". Astronomical Journal. 129 (1): 178–188. arXiv:astro-ph/0410065. Bibcode:2005AJ....129..178K. doi:10.1086/426368.
- ↑ 4,000 4,001 4,002 4,003 4,004 4,005 4,006 4,007 4,008 4,009 4,010 4,011 4,012 4,013 4,014 4,015 4,016 4,017 4,018 4,019 4,020 4,021 4,022 4,023 4,024 4,025 4,026 4,027 4,028 4,029 4,030 4,031 4,032 4,033 4,034 4,035 4,036 4,037 4,038 4,039 4,040 4,041 4,042 4,043 4,044 4,045 4,046 4,047 4,048 4,049 4,050 4,051 4,052 4,053 4,054 4,055 4,056 4,057 4,058 4,059 4,060 4,061 4,062 4,063 4,064 4,065 4,066 4,067 4,068 4,069 4,070 4,071 4,072 4,073 4,074 4,075 4,076 4,077 4,078 4,079 4,080 4,081 4,082 4,083 4,084 4,085 4,086 4,087 4,088 4,089 4,090 4,091 4,092 4,093 4,094 4,095 4,096 4,097 4,098 4,099 4,100 4,101 "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database" (in Engels). Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 1 Maart 2001. Besoek op 8 Junie 2008.
- ↑ Belokurov, 2006 A Faint New Milky Way Satellite in Bootes
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 6,2 Willman, Dalcanton, Martinez-Delgado, et al. (2005) "A New Milky Way Dwarf Galaxy in Ursa Major", submitted to Astrophysical Journal Letters, on arXiv.org: astro-ph/0503552
- ↑ 7,0 7,1 7,2 7,3 7,4 7,5 van den Bergh, S. (2000)Updated Information on the Local Group
- ↑ Irwin; Belokurov; Evans; Ryan-Weber; de Jong; Koposov; Zucker; Hodgkin; Gilmore (2007). "Discovery of an Unusual Dwarf Galaxy in the Outskirts of the Milky Way". The Astrophysical Journal. 656: L13–L16. arXiv:astro-ph/0701154. Bibcode:2007ApJ...656L..13I. doi:10.1086/512183.
{{cite journal}}
: Onbekende parameter|displayauthors=
geïgnoreer (hulp) - ↑ Mackey; Ferguson; Irwin; Martin; Huxor; Tanvir; Chapman; Ibata et al. (2009). "Deep Gemini/GMOS imaging of an extremely isolated globular cluster in the Local Group". [astro-ph.GA].
- ↑ 10,00 10,01 10,02 10,03 10,04 10,05 10,06 10,07 10,08 10,09 10,10 10,11 10,12 10,13 10,14 10,15 McConnachie, A. W. et al. 2005 Distances and Metallicities for 17 Local Group Galaxies
- ↑ 11,00 11,01 11,02 11,03 11,04 11,05 11,06 11,07 11,08 11,09 11,10 11,11 11,12 11,13 11,14 11,15 11,16 11,17 11,18 11,19 11,20 11,21 11,22 11,23 11,24 11,25 11,26 11,27 11,28 11,29 11,30 11,31 11,32 11,33 11,34 11,35 11,36 11,37 11,38 11,39 11,40 11,41 11,42 Karachentsev; Kashibadze; Makarov; Tully (2009). "The Hubble flow around the Local Group". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 393 (4): 1265. arXiv:0811.4610. Bibcode:2009MNRAS.393.1265K. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14300.x.
- ↑ 12,0 12,1 Morrison et al. 2003 Andromeda VIII, a New Tidally Distorted satellite of M31 — for details see [1] Geargiveer 8 Julie 2020 op Wayback Machine
- ↑ 13,0 13,1 Martin; McConnachie; Mike Irwin; Widrow; Ferguson; Ibata; John Dubinski; Arif Babul et al. (2009). "PAndAS' cubs: Discovery of two new dwarf galaxies in the surroundings of the Andromeda and Triangulum galaxies". [astro-ph.CO].
- ↑ See
- ↑ Zucker et al. 2007 Andromeda X, a New Dwarf Speroidal satellite of M31:Photometry — for details see [2]
- ↑ 16,0 16,1 A Trio of New Local Group Galaxies with Extreme Properties, Alan W. McConnachie et al. 2008, ApJ 688 1009-1020, http://arxiv.org/abs/0806.3988
- ↑ Kopylov; Tikhonov; Sergey Fabrika; Igor Drozdovsky; et al. (2008). "VV124 (UGC4879): A new transitional dwarf galaxy in the periphery of the Local Group". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters. 387: L45–L49. arXiv:0803.1107. Bibcode:2008MNRAS.387L..45K. doi:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2008.00482.x.
- ↑ 18,0 18,1 Soszynski "et al."(2006) The Araucaria Project: Distance to the Local Group Galaxy NGC 3109 from Near-Infrared Photometry of Cepheids see [3] Geargiveer 1 Februarie 2020 op Wayback Machine
- ↑ Dolphin, Andrew E. et al. 2003 Deep Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of Sextans A. II. Cepheids and Distance
- ↑ 20,0 20,1 Karachentsev, I. D. et al. (2003) Distances to Nearby Galaxies in Sculptor
- ↑ 21,00 21,01 21,02 21,03 21,04 21,05 21,06 21,07 21,08 21,09 21,10 21,11 21,12 21,13 Karachentsev, I. D. et al.(2002)The M 81 group of galaxies: New distances, kinematics and structure
- ↑ 22,0 22,1 22,2 22,3 "see article at". Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 1 Februarie 2020. Besoek op 19 April 2016.
- ↑ 23,0 23,1 23,2 "argiefkopie". Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 25 September 2020. Besoek op 19 April 2016.
- ↑ 24,0 24,1 24,2 24,3 24,4 24,5 24,6 24,7 http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/1538-3881/133/2/504
- ↑ 25,0 25,1 http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/1538-3881/131/3/1361/
- ↑ A New Hubble Space Telescope Distance to NGC 1569: Starburst Properties and IC 342 Group Membership* Aaron J. Grocholski et al. 2008 ApJ 686 L79-L82 doi:10.1086/592949 , http://arxiv.org/abs/0808.0153
- ↑ I. D. Karachentsev et al.(2002) New distances to galaxies in the Centaurus A group
Bronne
wysig- Belokurov, V.; et al. (2006). "A Faint New Milky Way Satellite in Bootes". The Astrophysical Journal. 647 (2): L111–L114. arXiv:astro-ph/0604355. Bibcode:2006ApJ...647L.111B. doi:10.1086/507324.
- Dolphin; A. E.; et al. (Maart 2003). "Deep Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of Sextans A. II. Cepheids and Distance". The Astronomical Journal. 125 (3): 1261–1290. arXiv:astro-ph/0211486. Bibcode:2003AJ....125.1261D. doi:10.1086/346279. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 19 Junie 2020. Besoek op 19 April 2016.
{{cite journal}}
: Onbekende parameter|name-list-format=
geïgnoreer (hulp) - Karachentsev; I. D.; et al. (2002). "The M 81 group of galaxies: New distances, kinematics and structure" (PDF). Astronomy and Astrophysics. 383 (1): 125–136. Bibcode:2002A&A...383..125K. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20011741.
{{cite journal}}
: Onbekende parameter|name-list-format=
geïgnoreer (hulp) - Karachentsev; I. D.; et al. (2002). "New distances to galaxies in the Centaurus A group". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 385 (1): 21–31. Bibcode:2002A&A...385...21K. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020042.
{{cite journal}}
: Onbekende parameter|name-list-format=
geïgnoreer (hulp) - Karachentsev; I. D.; et al. (Junie 2003). "Distances to Nearby Galaxies in Sculptor". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 404 (1): 93. arXiv:astro-ph/0302045. Bibcode:2003A&A...404...93K. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20030170.
{{cite journal}}
: Onbekende parameter|name-list-format=
geïgnoreer (hulp) - Karachentsev; I. D.; et al. (2004). "A Catalog of Neighboring Galaxies". Astronomical Journal. 127 (4): 2031–2068. Bibcode:2004AJ....127.2031K. doi:10.1086/382905.
{{cite journal}}
: Onbekende parameter|name-list-format=
geïgnoreer (hulp) - Karachentsev, I. D. (2005). "The Local Group and Other Neighbouring Galaxy Groups". Astronomical Journal. 129 (1): 178–188. arXiv:astro-ph/0410065. Bibcode:2005AJ....129..178K. doi:10.1086/426368.
- McConnachie; A. W.; et al. (2005). "Distances and Metallicities for 17 Local Group Galaxies". MNRAS. 356 (3): 979. arXiv:astro-ph/0410489. Bibcode:2005MNRAS.356..979M. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08514.x.
{{cite journal}}
: Onbekende parameter|name-list-format=
geïgnoreer (hulp) - Tonry; J. L.; et al. (2001). "The SBF Survey of Galaxy Distances. IV. SBF Magnitudes, Colors, and Distances". Astrophysical Journal. 546 (2): 681–693. arXiv:astro-ph/0011223. Bibcode:2001ApJ...546..681T. doi:10.1086/318301.
{{cite journal}}
: Onbekende parameter|name-list-format=
geïgnoreer (hulp) - Van den Bergh, S. (April 2000). "Updated Information on the Local Group" (PDF). The Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 112 (770): 529–536. arXiv:astro-ph/0001040. Bibcode:2000PASP..112..529V. doi:10.1086/316548.[dooie skakel]