Isotope van amerikium
Die chemiese element amerikium (Am), met ’n atoommassa van ongeveer 237 u, het geen stabiele isotope nie en word dus as ’n radioaktiewe element geklassifiseer. Die 18 isotope is onstabiel en het ’n relatief kort halfleeftyd (die meeste minder as ’n minuut).
In die natuur kom geen amerikium voor nie; alle isotope is sinteties in ’n laboratorium berei. Die eerste sintetiese isotoop was 241Am, in 1944.
Die kortslewende isotoop van amerikium is 225Am, met ’n halfleeftyd van ongeveer 3 millisekondes. Die langslewende een is 243Am, met ’n halfleeftyd van 7 370 jaar.
Oorsig
wysig| Nuklied | Z (p) | N (n) | Isotopiese massa (u) | Halfleeftyd | Radioaktiewe verval | VP | Kernspin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Opwekkingsenergie | |||||||
| 231Am | 95 | 136 | 231,04556(32) | 30 s | β+ | 231Pu | |
| α (selde) | 227Np | ||||||
| 232Am | 95 | 137 | 232,04659(32) | 79(2) s | β+ (98%) | 232Pu | |
| α (2%) | 228Np | ||||||
| β+, SS (0,069%) | |||||||
| 233Am | 95 | 138 | 233,04635(11) | 3,2(8) min. | β+ | 233Pu | |
| α | 229Np | ||||||
| 234Am | 95 | 139 | 234,04781(22) | 2,32(8) min. | β+ (99,95%) | 234Pu | |
| α (0,04%) | 230Np | ||||||
| β+, SS (0,0066%) | |||||||
| 235Am | 95 | 140 | 235,04795(13) | 9,9(5) min. | β+ | 235Pu | 5/2- |
| α (selde) | 231Np | ||||||
| 236Am | 95 | 141 | 236,04958(11) | 3,6(1) min. | β+ | 236Pu | |
| α | 232Np | ||||||
| 237Am | 95 | 142 | 237,05000(6) | 73,0(10) min. | β+ (99,97%) | 237Pu | 5/2- |
| α (0,025%) | 233Np | ||||||
| 238Am | 95 | 143 | 238,05198(5) | 98(2) min. | β+ | 238Pu | 1+ |
| α (10−4%) | 234Np | ||||||
| 238mAm | 2500(200) keV | 35(10) µs | |||||
| 239Am | 95 | 144 | 239,0530245(26) | 11,9(1) uur | EV (99,99%) | 236Pu | 5/2- |
| α (0,01%) | 235Np | ||||||
| 239mAm | 2500(200) keV | 163(12) ns | (7/2+) | ||||
| 240Am | 95 | 145 | 240,055300(15) | 50,8(3) uur | β+ | 240Pu | (3-) |
| α (1,9 × 10−4%) | 236Np | ||||||
| 241Am | 95 | 146 | 241,0568291(20) | 432,2(7) jaar | α | 237Np | 5/2- |
| TV (7,4 × 10−10%) | 207Tl, 34Si | ||||||
| SS (4,3 × 10−10%) | |||||||
| 241mAm | 2200(100) keV | 1,2(3) µs | |||||
| 242Am | 95 | 147 | 242,0595492(20) | 16,02(2) uur | β− (82,7%) | 242Cm | 1- |
| EV (17,3%) | 242Pu | ||||||
| 242m1Am | 48,60(5) keV | 141(2) jaar | IV (99,54%) | 242Am | 5- | ||
| α (0,46%) | 238Np | ||||||
| SS (1,5 × 10−8%) | |||||||
| 242m2Am | 2200(80) keV | 14,0(10) ms | (2+, 3-) | ||||
| 243Am | 95 | 148 | 243,0613811(25) | 7 370(40) jaar | α | 239Np | 5/2- |
| SS (3,7 × 10−9%) | |||||||
| 244Am | 95 | 149 | 244,0642848(22) | 10,1(1) uur | β− | 244Cm | (6-) |
| 244mAm | 86,1(10) keV | 26(1) min. | β− (99,96%) | 244Cm | 1+ | ||
| EV (0,0361%) | 244Pu | ||||||
| 245Am | 95 | 150 | 245,066452(4) | 2,05(1) uur | β− | 245Cm | 5/2+ |
| 246Am | 95 | 151 | 246,069775(20) | 39(3) min | β− | 246Cm | (7-) |
| 246m1Am | 30(10) keV | 25,0(2) min. | β− (99,99%) | 246Cm | 2- | ||
| IT (0,01%) | 246Am | ||||||
| 246m2Am | ± 2000 keV | 73(10) µs | |||||
| 247Am | 95 | 152 | 247,07209(11) | 23,0(13) min. | β− | 247Cm | (5/2) |
| 248Am | 95 | 153 | 248,07575(22) | 3 min. | β− | 248Cm | |
| 249Am | 95 | 154 | 249,07848(32) | 1 min. | β− | 249Cm | |
Isotope per element
wysig| 1H | 2He | 3Li | 4Be | 5B | 6C | 7N | 8O | 9F | 10Ne | 11Na | 12Mg | 13Al | 14Si | 15P | 16S | 17Cl | 18Ar | 19K | |
| 20Ca | 21Sc | 22Ti | 23V | 24Cr | 25Mn | 26Fe | 27Co | 28Ni | 29Cu | 30Zn | 31Ga | 32Ge | 33As | 34Se | 35Br | 36Kr | 37Rb | 38Sr | 39Y |
| 40Zr | 41Nb | 42Mo | 43Tc | 44Ru | 45Rh | 46Pd | 47Ag | 48Cd | 49In | 50Sn | 51Sb | 52Te | 53I | 54Xe | 55Cs | 56Ba | 57La | 58Ce | 59Pr |
| 60Nd | 61Pm | 62Sm | 63Eu | 64Gd | 65Tb | 66Dy | 67Ho | 68Er | 69Tm | 70Yb | 71Lu | 72Hf | 73Ta | 74W | 75Re | 76Os | 77Ir | 78Pt | 79Au |
| 80Hg | 81Tl | 82Pb | 83Bi | 84Po | 85At | 86Rn | 87Fr | 88Ra | 89Ac | 90Th | 91Pa | 92U | 93Np | 94Pu | 95Am | 96Cm | 97Bk | 98Cf | 99Es |
| 100Fm | 101Md | 102No | 103Lr | 104Rf | 105Db | 106Sg | 107Bh | 108Hs | 109Mt | 110Ds | 111Rg | 112Cn | 113Nh | 114Fl | 115Mc | 116Lv | 117Ts | 118Og |
Bronne
wysig- R.B. Firestone, S.Y. Frank Chu & C.M. Baglin (1999) - Table of Isotopes (aanlyn weergawe van die CD-ROM)
- G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot & O. Bersillon (2003) - The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties, Nuclear Physics A, 729, pp. 3-128
- J.R. de Laeter, J.K. Böhlke, P. De Bièvre, H. Hidaka, H.S. Peiser, K.J.R. Rosman & P.D.P. Taylor (2003) - Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 75 (6), pp. 683–800
- M.E. Wieser (2006) - Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 78 (11), pp. 2051–2066
- David R. Lide (2004) - CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85ste uitg.), hoofstuk 11, CRC Press - ISBN 978-0849304859
Hierdie artikel is vertaal uit die Nederlandse Wikipedia
