Geofiet
'n Geofiet is volgens die definisie van Raunkiaer (1934)[1] 'n plant wat 'n ondergrondse orgaan besit soos 'n blombol, 'n knol of 'n wortelstok wat dit in staat stel om 'n droë seisoen te oorleef, terwyl die plant se bogrondse blare elke jaar afsterf. Hierdie definisie is later bygewerk, maar vorm steeds die basis vir die begrip geofiet.
Veral gebiede met 'n mediterreense bioom is ryk aan geofiete: hulle is winterreëngebiede met 'n droë somer. Die Kaapse floraryk is daarvan die rykste gebied.[2]
| Gebied | Oppervlakte (103 km2) | Aantal geofietspesies |
|---|---|---|
| Kaapgebied | 200 | 2100 |
| Chili | 100 | 200 |
| Kalifornië | 400 | 200 |
| Australië | 500 | 700 |
| Middellandse Seegebied | 2300 | 1300 |
Die geofiete van die Kaapgebied
wysigDie Kaapgebied soos hier aangegee omvat die kusfynbos, bergfynbos en die sukkulente Karoo en strek van Lüderitz in Namibië tot Kaapstad en Grahamstad in die ooste. Die aantal geofiete is uitsonderlik groot. Omdat spesies steeds hersien word, kan die getalle verder verander.[2]
| Genus | Wêreld | Kaapgebied | Endemies |
|---|---|---|---|
| Asparagales | |||
| Orchidaceae – orgideefamilie | |||
| Bartholina | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Bonatea | 13 | 2 | 0 |
| Brachycorythis | 33 | 1 | 1 |
| Brownleea | 7 | 3 | 0 |
| Ceratandra | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Corycium | 14 | 11 | 9 |
| Disa [3] | 191 | 101 | 87 |
| Disperis | 84 | 15 | 8 |
| Eulophia | 250 | 16 | 1 |
| Evotella | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Gastrodia | 17 | 1 | 1 |
| Habenaria | 800 | 7 | 0 |
| Holothrix | 55 | 16 | 7 |
| Liparis | 250 | 1 | 0 |
| Pachites | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Pterygodium | 20 | 13 | 13 |
| Satyrium | 88 | 31 | 23 |
| Stenoglottis | 4 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypoxidaceae – sterretjiefamilie | |||
| Empodium | 9 | 5 | 4 |
| Hypoxis | 80 | 7 | 1 |
| Pauridia | 27 | 23 | 22 |
| Tecophilaeaceae | |||
| Cyanella | 8 | 8 | 6 |
| Walleria | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| Iridaceae – irisfamilie | |||
| Babiana | 80 | 78 | 76 |
| Chasmanthe | 3 | 3 | 2 |
| Crocosmia | 8 | 1 | 1 |
| Devia | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Dierama | 44 | 1 | 0 |
| Ferraria | 11 | 10 | 9 |
| Freesia | 14 | 11 | 10 |
| Geissorhiza | 84 | 84 | 84 |
| Gladiolus | 260 | 117 | 101 |
| Hesperantha | 91 | 41 | 36 |
| Ixia | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Lapeirousia | 40 | 34 | 26 |
| Melasphaerula | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Micranthus | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Moraea | 195 | 147 | 135 |
| Pillansia | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Romulea | 95 | 70 | 61 |
| Sparaxis | 15 | 15 | 15 |
| Syringodea | 8 | 5 | 4 |
| Thereianthus | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| Tritonia | 28 | 26 | 23 |
| Tritoniopsis | 24 | 24 | 23 |
| Watsonia | 52 | 34 | 31 |
| Xenoscapa | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Asphodelaceae – aalwynfamilie | |||
| Bulbine | 75 | 51 | 42 |
| Bulbinella | 23 | 17 | 17 |
| Trachyandra | 52 | 37 | 32 |
| Alliaceae – uifamilie | |||
| Allium | 550 | 1 | 0 |
| Tulbaghia | 20 | 8 | 5 |
| Agapanthoideae | |||
| Agapanthus | 3 | 3 | 2 |
| Amaryllidaceae – amaryllisfamilie | |||
| Amaryllis | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Ammocharis | 5 | 1 | 0 |
| Apodolirion | 6 | 3 | 3 |
| Boophone | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Brunsvigia | 20 | 12 | 10 |
| Clivia | 5 | 1 | 1 |
| Crinum | 65 | 2 | 1 |
| Crossyne | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Cybistetes | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Cyrtanthus | 57 | 27 | 20 |
| Gethyllis | 32 | 32 | 31 |
| Haemanthus | 22 | 17 | 11 |
| Hessea | 14 | 14 | 10 |
| Nerine | 23 | 4 | 4 |
| Scadoxus | 9 | 2 | 0 |
| Strumaria | 24 | 25 | 23 |
| Ruscaceae | |||
| Eriospermum | 102 | 76 | 49 |
| Hyacinthaceae – hiasintfamilie | |||
| Bowiea | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Daubenya | 8 | 8 | 7 |
| Drimia | 131 | 33 | 27 |
| Eucomis | 10 | 3 | 1 |
| Lachenalia | 121 | 121 | 116 |
| Ledebouria | 46 | 5 | 2 |
| Massonia | 7 | 7 | 6 |
| Merwilla | 5 | 1 | 1 |
| Ornithogalum | 234 | 102 | 80 |
| Pseudoprospero | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Spetaea | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Veltheimia | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Dioscoreales | |||
| Dioscoreaceae | |||
| Dioscorea | 400 | 6 | 2 |
| Liliales | |||
| Colchicaceae | |||
| Colchicum | 40 | 26 | 25 |
| Baeometra | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Neodregea | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Onixotis | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Ornithoglossum | 8 | 6 | 5 |
| Wurmbea | 54 | 15 | 14 |
| Commelinales | |||
| Haemodoraceae | |||
| Dilatris | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Wachendorfia | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Caryophyllales | |||
| Aizoaceae – brakbosfamilie | |||
| Phyllobolus | 31 | 11 | 10 |
| Saxifragales | |||
| Crassulaceae – plakkiefamilie | |||
| Tylecodon | 41 | 5 | 4 |
| Geraniales | |||
| Geraniaceae – pelargoniumfamilie | |||
| Pelargonium | 300 | 98 | 87 |
| Malpighiales | |||
| Euphorbiaceae – naboomfamilie | |||
| Euphorbia | 1500 | 1 | 1 |
| Oxalidales | |||
| Oxalidaceae – suringfamilie | |||
| Oxalis | 500 | 181 | 166 |
| Gentianales | |||
| Apocynaceae – selonsroosfamilie | |||
| Brachystelma | 110 | 9 | 3 |
| Ceropegia | 160 | 14 | 3 |
| Eustegia | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Fockea | 6 | 5 | 4 |
| Orbea | 20 | 4 | 0 |
| Pachycarpus | 30 | 2 | 0 |
| Woodia | 3 | 1 | 0 |
| Xysmalobium | 40 | 3 | 0 |
| Asterales | |||
| Asteraceae – madeliefiefamilie | |||
| Othonna | 120 | 30 | 27 |
| Total | 2096 | 1756 | |
Verwysings
wysig- ↑ The life forms of plants. Raunkiaer C. 1934. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 An overview of the Cape geophytes Serban Porches, Richard M. Cowling, Peter Goldblatt, John C. Manning, Deirdré A. Snijman Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 87: 27–43. (2006)
- ↑ insluitend Schizodium wat nou onder Disa gereken word